Integrated Marketing Communication

Integrated marketing communication is a systematic process of managing good customer relations through effective communication. The process tries to ensure all procedures of communication and messages received are interlinked together. It mainly deals with interlinking all promotions tools in order to create harmonious relationship between the customers and the stakeholder.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Integrated Marketing Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Blizzard is cream product meant for people of all walks of life. It has been in the market for over 25 years now. Due to its long stay in the market, the product needs to adopt a unique marketing approach that would ensure that its market share remains with the targeted group. Various techniques of communication should be applied in order to increase its audience and to reach as many customers as possible. Based on the stage of developm ent of the product in the life-cycle of the product, the following combination of media approaches will be of great use to marketing Blizzard. Use of media such as radio and television which are mostly used by many people this will ensure that a wide group of people will be reached by the information. Magazines and newspapers which have a wide popularity should be applied as a mean of communication, this will ensure that must people will read about the product also a lot of information about the product will be given in details. Internet is another good means of communication that can effectively be used to reach many youths across the nation. The use of internet will enable the company to reach even those outside the locality of dairy Queens as far as sales are concerned. The advertisement by use of the internet can also incorporate social media which would promote the awareness of the product among the youths as they are known to be heavy consumers of the social media. To promote the product, it is important to adopt a marketing approach that will ensure that the product achieves the targeted sales. The marketing mix that will be appropriate for the product will utilize four tools of the traditional five tools of marketing mix. The four tools as identified by Armstrong and Kotler, (2009), are advertising, sales promotion, public relations and finally direct marketing. Personal selling is not appropriate due to the small units of the product in question. To promote the product it should be marketed to the specified niche whereby all efforts are concentrated towards the likes of the identified group. Blizzards do well among the youths, young couples and young families. The product shall therefore be marketed to this group by use of trendy adverts that captures the attention of the identified group. The advertisement shall be used to promote a good relationship of the target customers and the products.Advertising Looking for research paper on business eco nomics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To promote public relations, the company can also sponsor various events that the target groups are expected to attend. This would improve the product image among the people. In such events, the company can also use sales promotion to ensure that the overall performance of the product is good. As noted by Immonen, (2008), a good marketing mix must be able to address the desires of majority of the customers. The identified marketing mix meets this criterion as it focuses mostly on what will please the target group. The identified approaches also may be aligned to the fast moving members of generation Y as well as young youths who are main consumers of the identified product. With such an approach, Dairy Queen can remain sure that the relevance of the identified product in the market remains high. References Armstrong, G., A. and Kotler, P. (2009). Marketing: an introduction. 9th Ed. New York: Cengage Immonen, A. (2008). Product Lifecycle Management. New York: Springer. This research paper on Integrated Marketing Communication was written and submitted by user Jocelynn E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Integrated Marketing Communication Introduction This paper shall discuss the importance of understanding and appreciating the various IMC tools to those who work in the field of advertising and promotion as well as the challenges faced when doing online marketing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Integrated Marketing Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Importance of understanding and appreciating the various IMC tools to those who work in the field of advertising and promotion Understanding and appreciating the use of IMC tools are useful to those who work in advertising and promotional fields, because it helps in the creation of a competitive advantage for the firm. Moreover, it helps in boosting the sales and the profits that a firm makes as well as saving the firm a lot of money and time that are considered to be important resources in a firm. This helps in reduction of stress. Again, IMC is mostly customer centered. This means that a ll communication is aimed at reaching the customer without any contradictions. This helps the customers to go through the process of buying without any problems. An organization using IMC presents a good image of it to those observing them and at the same time improves its relationship with the customers. An example of a company that has used IMC strategy for marketing its product is the â€Å"GUINNESS IT’S ALIVE INSIDE†. Instead of coming up with new advertisements for the various media, which they wanted to use to advertise their products, a single idea was adopted. It is the idea that was used in their various communications, advertising and promotion of the products. This ensured that a message that was consistent and devoid of any contradictions was passed across to the target audience. The use of ‘relationship marketing’ strategy, advocated for by IMC, helps in the creation of a strong bond between a firm and its customers. It is such a bond that ens ures loyal customers of the firm, who can not be compelled easily to leave the firm. With such loyal customers the firm is assured of success, despite having many competitors. Being able to retain these loyal customers for their entire life without being swayed around is a competitive advantage to the firm.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An increase in the effectiveness and efficiency of services rendered by the firm, which come as a result of using IMC, help in increasing the profits of a firm. The use of IMC helps in ensuring that only credible messages are communicated to the customers because there is consistency in the communication offered. Therefore, the buyers are confident when buying from such firms. This is an advantage to the firm. An example of a company that has done this is â€Å"GUINNESS IT’S ALIVE INSIDE†. Through its integrated campaigns, whe reby a single idea was employed in all its adverts, the company was able to achieve consistency in its delivery of messages to the customers. Challenges in on-line marketing With the increased use of the internet globally an on-line presence of every company has become a necessity. In addition to the traditional methods of advertising, such as the use of radio and television, on-line marketing has become a necessity to most companies. However, this shift to on-line marketing by various companies is not without some challenges, which have to be overcome, if this method of marketing is to be profitable to the companies. One of the challenges faced when doing on-line marketing is brand awareness, because of the extensive marketing that is needed in order to break through. Brand awareness for those who do internet marketing is something that involves the use of a lot of time and resources to develop. Again, a lot of expertise is needed in the development of brand awareness in on-line ma rketing. The other common challenge faced has to do with security problems, as well as privacy concerns. This is one of the major challenges faced by on-line marketers because the web is something that is vast and expansive, such that making it completely contained and secure becomes a major challenge.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Integrated Marketing Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The presence of hackers and people who practice other forms of online theft, taking advantage of companies that do their businesses online and unsuspecting customers, is a major challenge. Because of this bad reputation, which has marred online businesses and marketing, customers are not confident enough to divulge confidential information that may be required in order to do online transactions. Winning the confidence of customers and ensuring that their details are kept confidential and secure is one of the challen ges faced. McDonald’s, one of the world’s largest restaurants that provides its customers with quality fast foods, has been on the front line in advocating and ensuring that privacy concerns of their clients are taken care of. The restaurant has a privacy policy that guarantees all the customers that any information they offer will be treated with utmost confidentiality. How to handle the rapid growth and expansion that a company may experience due to internet marketing is also a challenge that most companies need to address. As the company grows, the need for additional workforce may arise and some companies may not be in a position to hire more employees. Again, the company may not be ready for any major expansions, which may be a major challenge to them. Moreover, the purchase of additional servers due to the high volume traffic may be necessary and the company may not be ready. Conclusion The use of IMC is very beneficial to those who work in the field of advertisi ng and promotion. Some of the benefits include creation of a competitive advantage for the firm, creation of loyal customers and dissemination of credible messages only. Some of the challenges involved in online marketing are brand awareness, security problems and privacy concerns along with a query regarding how to handle the rapid growth and expansion. This essay on Integrated Marketing Communication was written and submitted by user Sidney Frederick to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Integrated Marketing Communication Abstract The currently integrated marketing communication concepts have been developing over time. They have moved from the historical marketing approaches that focused on the 4Ps to the current interactive market-place IMC.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Integrated Marketing Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The argument is that marketing itself and marketing communication concepts are developing. The development of the integrated marketing communication is illustrated through structural and theoretical perspectives of three market-places which are presented according to location and information technology control. The assertion is that as information technology changes from one market-place to the next, definitive changes in the need for communication also develop. In addition, a furnished description of integrated marketing communication concept is provided. Based on this description, a four-stag e alteration of IMC progression has been anticipated as businesses move from one period of IMC to the next based on their capabilities in capturing and managing information technology. Introduction In the last two decades, marketing and marketing communication have been working differently from the previous periods. In fact, marketing and marketing communication are under crucial scrutiny, especially with the advent of information communication technology (Cornelissen Lock, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marketing and marketing communication emerge not only under the scrutiny of the organization boardrooms but also questioned around the globe. This scenario is quite unique, given the current information age. From this contrast, it can be deduced that marketing and marketing communication are undergoing a transformation. These evolutions provide a stage in which new approaches to marketing, communication and marketing communication could be innovated and implemented. Various researches recently done indicate that the integration of marketing communication tools offer the best solution to the current problems being faced. Integration is the incorporation of a wide range of activities and functions that have influence and impact on the dynamic flow of information between the firm and the stakeholders (Belch Belch, 2006). The stakeholders, in this case, comprise of the customers, employees, shareholders, prospects as well as other crucial audiences. In other words, focusing on independent disciplines such as the public relations, advertising and sales promotion no longer holds true. It is also inappropriate to limit the responsibilities of marketing communication to a single outbound channel of communication. These are old concepts that have been found to be unable to fit and fulfill the needs of the current organization, customers or prospects.A dvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Integrated Marketing Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These concepts no longer fit the current firms because they were developed for those organizations that no longer drive businesses and for the market-place that do not exist as well as for media organizations whose dominances are long gone (Belch Belch, 2006). Therefore, there is need for an integrated form of marketing communication that incorporates all the disciplines of marketing, and that can fit the current scenario alongside meeting the need of the current market. This paper will be discussing this form of integrated marketing communication as it appears in the twenty-first century, putting emphasis on its application in the last twenty years. The paper will discuss how organizations have been applying the integrated marketing communication giving detailed applications, providing examples of those organiza tions which have failed and those that have succeeded in their quest for integrated marketing communication. The discussions will be in relation to the approaches of IMC applied in the current global market-place. Transformations of marketing communication It has been found that approaches to IMC have gone through minimal changes. However, the market-place where most organizations operate have transformed substantially (Fill, 1999). The dynamic transformations have been driven by the application of information technology. The traditional market-place was dominated by the mass market where the mass media-driven organizations were devoted to product differentiation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These organizations employed the information technology in areas including mass distribution systems, consumer research and mass media to capture the largest share of the market (Cornelissen Lock, 2000). They also applied such strategies, including product differentiation and brand development in order to dominate the market. Early market-places were dominated by first entry organizations. By virtue of being the first in the market-place, these organizations captured the larger market share, dominated the media and distribution channels as well as consumer using distinguished services or products which could not easily be simulated (Hutton, 1996). With the development of technology, market-place began to change as products proliferated, albeit few attributes to distinguish them from their competitors (Hutton, 1996). In addition, the media became more specialized and fragmented. There was tremendous consolidation within channel segments. The acquisitions and integration of business have been occurring at a higher frequency as stronger organizations continue to acquire weaker competitors and expand the franchise into new regions and markets (Kitchen De Pelsmacker, 2004). As a result, businesses that were traditionally localized have expanded to international levels giving buyers massive influence on bargaining with the manufacturers (Fill, 1999). As the organizations go through these changes, information technology also shifted its focus to the distribution channels away from the marketers or manufacturers. The computers, Universal Product Code dubbed UPC, magnetic strip bank, scanners and credit cards made it cheap, easy and fast to capture data on consumers (Pickton Broderick, 2005). For instance, who the consumers are, where they buy and what are their preferences. The shift in IT altered the power in the market-place with the distribution channels being favored over the marketers and the manufacturers (Schultz Schultz, 1998). The reason is that the distr ibution channels have more information than the markets or the manufactures. Today, the consumer product categories are dominated by retail that has close relationship with the consumer. With this realization, the large organization has changed their marketing strategy using highly sophisticated retail distribution channels. Changes in the market-place as a result of information technology determines the way large organizations will be spending their marketing funds through pricing and location to sway and hold the customers (Schultz Schultz, 1998). Currently, the market-place is dominated by the retail and distribution systems that control the direct access to consumers and end-users. However, a new model is emerging where the consumers are dominating. The reason is that the consumers have become the controller of IT. Systems such as the tall free numbers, international credit cards, overnight delivery services have already been developed and in the hands of the consumer (Schultz Schultz, 1998). With these technology, consumers can identify the products, easily access information and make purchases at any time and in any place they find convenient. The current market-place is interactive, fast and easy, driven by internet and World Wide Web and it is more convenient than ever before (Shimp, 2008). This form of market is brought about by IT, which in effect drives the electronic commerce. In other words, IT has changed the status quo where the market-place is driven by the needs of the consumers, when they need the product and the condition in which they want their products. In addition, the consumers have a direct linkage with the producers; make a decision on important issues, the product values and the type of correlations are required (Schultz Schultz, 1998). The need for new approaches to marketing communication It is unfortunate that the existing marketing and marketing communication advances and theories are intended for the conventional market-place . The indication is that new changes that are taking place in the current market-place have not been tested or new models have not been developed for the current market-place practices. The market-place is currently moving towards the consumer from the marketer/manufacturer domination (Pickton Broderick, 2005). It is as a result of IT that these changes are taking place. The transformation of IT is the driving force for these changes and at the same time, enables communication solutions. As discussed, IT was formerly used by the marketing/manufacturing organizations so as to have the market power, it then used by the distribution channels and eventually exceeded to the consumer (Schultz Schultz, 1998). Each of these market-places has specific needs of marketing and marketing communication tools. Moreover, every market-place has a fundamental necessity to put together the communications. However, these integration communication need becomes more complex as market-place changes (Sch ultz Schultz, 1998). As was mentioned before, marketing and marketing communications must transform to be in accordance with the needs of the current market-place (Pickton Broderick, 2005). Successful organizations tend to adopt new communication tools that are appropriate to each market position. Moreover, as the organizations changes to the new market-places, they encounter various challenges in their marketing communication program (Hutton, 1996). These challenges signify the stages of integrated marketing communication. In as much as organizations have moved away from the traditional market-places, some categories of organizations in some places are still found in such market. For instance, those organizations protected by patents and organizations that enjoy near-absolute or absolute monopolistic distribution advantages or products (Schultz Schultz, 1998). However, as deregulation and competition increase the advantages these companies enjoy will eventually erode. In this tr aditional market-place, the main communication challenge is to come up with compelling and concordant massages, which can be delivered in a coordinated and synergistic way (Schultz Schultz, 1998). This is a challenge, particularly as the structure of the companies operating in these markets expands and they become international. Initially, integrated marketing communication was a response to the practical needs of the organization to achieve more significant impact and consistency across different products divisions and regions (Schultz Schultz, 1998). Some organizations still use the same approach. As the market develops into the current market-place, organizations need to be imaginative and novel in their marketing plan. In addition, they must create a better configuration between the marketing and marketing communication as well as field sales forces to enhance the significance of their brand in the eyes of both the channel and ultimate purchasers (Schultz Schultz, 1998). This demands for coordinated, multi-level approach to communication that take into consideration end-users channel customers, consumers and the organization employees (Schultz Schultz, 1998). The evolving IMC concept IMC has been discussed by both practitioners and academics for approximately a decade before they can reach an accord on what exactly is IMC and how marketers benefit from it. Major agencies and advertisers in the United States in their studies acknowledge IMC as a marketing communication planning concept which is acquainted with the added values of an all-inclusive program that assesses the premeditated functioning of various communication disciplines. The disciplines include public relations, sales promotion, direct responses and general advertising. IMC merges all these disciplines to offer maximum communication impact, consistency and clarity. Schultz and Schultz (1998) conducted a research in 1996 to find out whether the IMC definition was adequate. Their findings ind icated that executives from most advertising agencies had nothing to add in this definition. However, other executives quoted that the product message and consumers materialize as the starting points. Others claimed that IMC is more than just a plan and should incorporate quantifying and measurement elements since it emerges as a product-oriented concept. It commences with clients orientation and initiates integrated strategies that other disciplines might endeavour to work against. Initially, organizations concentrated on marketing communication operations and tactics. Such organizations have recently recognized that there must be a more comprehensive and holistic approach to justify their actions to the corporations’ management and build customer relationships (Belch Belch, 2006). Considering changes in marketing communication management context and how organizations have implemented IMC, a novel definition capturing both the future and current IMC scope has been developed . According to the new definition, integrated marketing communication is observed as a strategic business procedure. It can be utilized in planning, developing, executing, and evaluating persuasive, measurable, coordinated brand communiquà © programmes overtime with prospects, clients, consumers as well as other relevant internal and external objectives. The current definition of IMC is distinct from the previous attempts, given that its concentration is on business procedures and actions. Since the primary target for all businesses is to attract and retain clients, the currently applied IMC concept creates systems that are closed-looped. These enable each communication activity to be properly evaluated, implemented and planned. In fact, IMC is presently being driven or directed by clients’ information. It requires corporations to comprehend clients brand contacts and perceptions, but of great essence is to offer fundamental methodologies unto which all investment decisions can be evaluated and communicated. That is, when compared to the past, IMC currently lays more emphasis on potential and current values of consumers to a corporation by focusing on clients evaluations (Shimp, 2008). The current levels of Integrated Marketing Communication Apparently, integration does not have a single path. Every corporation tends to approach the IMC opportunities and challenges based on the availability of clients’ information, channel dependency and business nature. These must, however, have the support of the management and strategically directed by the corporation. Due to IMC implications, barriers and issues, organizations have adopted a sequential pattern of achieving success in their business endeavors and the main focus is to satisfy clients’ needs. Thus, corporations that are truly integrated are obliged to display competencies in the requirements and activities in all the four phases (Cornelissen Lock, 2000). First phase: Tactical coordinati on Most corporations enter into integrated marketing communication system to synchronize varied communication activities across countries, regions, divisions and products. From the fiscal 1980 to 1990s, corporations adopted various techniques and tools in sending messages to business prospects and clients. During these periods, marketing communication as was used in earlier markets constituted mostly of partial options. These included broad-based public relations, outdoor billboards, mass circulation of magazines, major metro newspapers and broadcast advertising. Nevertheless, as most media systems emerged to be more fragmented and specialized, each of them had tailored campaigns directed towards delivering typical messages to the specialised consumers segments (Jackson, 1987). Furthermore, the customarily used marketing communication tools that experienced tremendous growth. Such marketing tools included sponsorships, cooperative ventures, custom publishing, event marketing, sales promotions, direct marketing, as well as interactive and electronic tools. According to this phase, IMC initially promised to create one sound, one sight through instituting a general organization intended to merge communication forecast. Often, marketing communication was centralized, whereby planning each and every campaign element took place in concerts to help realise enhanced success. Others promoted the development of strong business strategies on tones, usage and instituting business messages while leaving the marketing managers to execute the whole plan to help achieve business outcomes (Belch Belch, 2006). The main aim of the adopted IMC strategies was to ensure that all the consumers and clients’ needs are met. Cross functionality is an added hallmark in the first phase of integration. Various corporations have developed different cross-functional approaches to realize advance competencies. This is not only meant to manage personal communication efforts but to simi larly achieve dynamism and synergies athwart all the undertaken activities. Beside, marketing divisions in the last twenty years have created cross-functional marketing teams that consist of direct marketing, public relations, communication experts and specialties. The main aim of these teams is to attract and retain the attention of consumers. Such teams create multidimensional communication and media on particular services and products (Kliatchko, 2008). Investing in cross-functional communication expert training is another approach that currently enables departmental market members to have confidence in the most efficient strategies and applications in various communiquà © tools. Marketing agencies have particularly adopted the one sound, one sight promise approach. This is because they have seen integrated marketing communication as an opening for offering greater service menus to the consumers. Basically, key marketing agencies have gone thru a frantic period as they try to pu rchase particular discipline associates across the globe and acquire specialty stores in public relations, sales promotion and direct marketing. The aim is to effortlessly service all the consumers’ demands using a broad-based agency umbrella (Hutton, 1996). The approach is actually diverse. Whereas many companies search for agency conglomerates so as to organize and integrate the assorted programmes across the universe, other corporations give preferences to managing the processes of integration themselves. This means that various suppliers and agencies that hardly have direct contacts are used by these corporations that keep the coordination tasks in-house. The second phase: Redefining the marketing communication scope The level of consistency and coordination is hardly enough for most corporations. This obliges them to redefine the marketing communication scope. In reality, corporations are currently attempting to switch to the viewpoints of the end-users, consumers, and c lients from the widely embraced corporate operation driven viewpoint. Instead of seeing marketing communiquà ©s as outbound activities sequences that ought to be managed to attain the desired level of efficiency and effectiveness, marketing organizations are currently considering each probable point via which the consumers and clients alike might come in touch with the products or marketed brands. Usually, the product or brands contacts have information that bear clients experience with the product or brand categories. As a result, product brand contact experience is regarded as an aspect that varies from a particular client to next, hence a highly personalized subject (Pickton Broderick, 2005). Whereas the customary brand communication activities are apparently the most essential contacts for product brands, marketers are forced to look for the most effective marketing communication channels that would create an influential contact to challenge the consumers purchasing decisions. The consumers are bound to be driven by marketing communication functions which either subtract or add substantially to the product brand identity and messages that area communicated via outbound communication actions. As a matter fact, customers do not differentiate marketing messages coming from the accounting, operations and marketing departments. The clients and consumers only observe their complete experiences with a corporation and accordingly form their preferences and perceptions (Duncan Everett, 1993). Thus, it is an essential facet of an integrated marketing communiquà © to realign the communication strategies so as to appear as the clients observe them. Corporations stand a chance of putting their marketing communication programmes under decisive reality checks when they put brand contacts and messages at each point. This assists in shifting the message focus to a clear comprehension of what consumers receive. Besides, it would enable a corporation to understand the ma nner in which consumers perceive relevant brand messages. Third phase: Application of information technology In the past twenty years, IT has enabled business solutions and drove the marketing communication changes. Organizations through the third phase have been able to harness the emerging technologies potentials and power to improve marketing performances. The application of IT has facilitated the manner in which product marketing messages are delivered to various targets, including business prospects and consumers. Sophisticated mailing systems could be utilized to customize offers and generate personalized messages. Moreover, databases have been used as benchmarks for storing and capturing information related to prospects, consumers, and clients (Kliatchko, 2008). Fourth phase: Financial and strategic integration To orient an IMC, the organizations management must play decisive roles, including aligning the organization and allocating resources. From the closed-loop marketing c ommunication system diagram below, it emerges that two issues are critical. These include the capacity to measure clients’ investments returns and the capacity to utilize integrated marketing communication in driving strategic and organizational resources (Schultz Schultz, 1998). These instigate from the present clients databases directly to indirect or direct measurement of the clients’ behaviours. Figure 1: Closed-loop integrated marketing communication system An example of a successful IMC campaign â€Å"Just Do It†, is one of the integrated marketing campaigns that hard hit the market in the fiscal 1998. This campaign strategy came in when Reebok dominated the sportswear market. In fact, the Just Do It IMC campaign saw Nike Company making sales return amounting to $9.2 billion. The campaign was indeed sweet, short and summarize anything individuals and groups felt they wanted training. An example of an unsuccessful IMC campaign Basically, Wal-Mart Consumer retail stores had one of the worst IMC campaigns that were deemed very unsuccessful. The IMC campaign, â€Å"The Hub† really failed to draw and attract the attention of consumers and clients alike. Wal-Mart failed because it went and cloned MySpace and whoever the site was called â€Å"Hubsters†. References Belch, G. E. Belch, M. A. 2006, Advertising and promotion: An integrated marketing communications perspective, McGraw-Hill, Boston. Cornelissen, J. P. Lock, A. R. 2000, â€Å"Theoretical concept or management fashion? Examining the significance of IMC,† Journal of Advertising Research, vol.40 no.5, pp.77-89. Duncan, T. R. Everett, S. S. 1993, â€Å"Client perceptions of integrated marketing communications†, Journal of Advertising Research, May/June, 30-9 Fill, C. 1999, Marketing communications: contexts, contents and strategies, Prentice Hall, London. Hutton, J. H. 1996, â€Å"Integrated marketing communication and the evolution of marketing tho ught,† Journal of Business Research, 37, 155-62 Jackson, P. 1987, Corporate communications for managers, Pitman, London. Kitchen, P. De Pelsmacker, 2004, Integrated marketing communications: A primer, Routledge, New York. Kliatchko, J. 2008, â€Å"Revisiting the IMC construct†, International Journal of Advertising, pp.133-160. Pickton, D. Broderick, A. 2005, Integrated marketing communications, Pearson Education, England. Schultz, D. E. Schultz, H. F. 1998, â€Å"Transitioning marketing communication in the twenty-first century†, Journal of Marketing Communication, vol.4, pp.9-26. Shimp, T. A. 2008, Integrated marketing communications: Advertising and promotion, Thomson South Western, USA. This essay on Integrated Marketing Communication was written and submitted by user Jaden Santos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Integrated marketing communication Integrated Marketing Communication

All Quiet on the Western Front essays

All Quiet on the Western Front essays All Quiet on the Western Front The movie All Quiet on the Western Front, is based on true events that happened around 1916. This is a war movie that dealt with Germans and the French, in WWI. Paul Baumer was the main character, but still I liked the way he acted, and how real some of his stunts were. I did not like Corporal Himmelstoss, ever since I first saw him; he was pretty crazy and impatient. A very good person and very patient guy was Stainislaus Katczinsky, all his recruits loved him. Paul Baumer, a nineteen-year-old student, convinced to enlist with German army by his schoolmaster, Kentorek. Paul and many of his friends from school were trained together by Corporal Himmelstoss. Paul had a best friend who went to the same school, and trained with each other. Albert Kropp was his name; they both went through a lot of things together. Paul was a great soldier who lasted a while until he was killed a month before the war ended in October 11, 1918. Corporal Himmelstoss was a strictly disciplined commander who dislikes Paul because of his defiance. The Corporal Himmelstoss made them do so much exercise in the mud that one of the officials took him down from training, to going to the front. Himmelstoss had the shortest patience, and it got him no where. When Paul and his buddies were resting from the front, they met with the Corporal and Paul and the others made fun of him. Stanislaus Katczinsky a man of forty years of age he was a wise old man as well as a friend to the other recruits. This man was very well experienced at war, since he was an old hand. All of his recruits loved, and respected him as a father. Mr. Katczinsky was a type of person who had patience with everyone who showed him respects. Paul really looked up to Katczinsky as a father, and Katczinsky treated him as his own son. In conclusion to All Quiet on the Western Front, it was a gre ...

A Case Study in Applying Theories to Practice

A Case Study in Applying Theories to Practice Introduction The aim of this assignment is to show how a Social Worker would apply a Behavioural Method as an understanding and intervention on the case study supplied. I will do this by explaining what Behavioural Social Work is, how it is used in practice, how it meets the needs of the service user and identify personal challenges along the way. I will try to challenge my own views and ideals on the service user, and how these can be challenged for Anti-Oppressive Practice. The History of Behavioural Social Work â€Å"Most of what makes us truly human, most of what makes us individuals rather than ‘clones’, most of what gives us a discernible personality – made up of characteristic patterns of behaviour, emotion and cognition – is the result of learning† (Sheldon and McDonald, 2008). The Behavioural Perspective focuses on the individual and the relationship between stimuli in an environment and how it determines behaviour through learning (Westen, 2001). This is also how Behavioural Social Work is executed, by focusing on behaviour that is observable and changeable. Like other forms of social work methods it has been adopted from other disciplines, and in particular Psychology, but has been adapted to achieve measured outcomes and effective practice for Social Work (Watson and West, 2006). There are four main Theories that are relevant and used in Behavioural Social Work; The first behavioural theory is Respondent Conditioning , first introduced by Ivan Pavlov, who used experiments on dogs to discover how to condition a response after the presence of a certain stimuli has been removed. The second major behavioural theorist is B.F Skinner and his Operant Conditioning , he observed that the behaviour of organisms can be controlled by environmental consequences that either increase (reinforce) or decrease (punish) the likelihood of the behaviour occurring (Westen, 2001). He claimed that the outcome of behaviour was volunt ary and goal directed, and always controlled by the consequences the behaviour would lead to. The next behavioural theory identified is Social Learning Theory , which extends behavioural ideas and claims that most learning is gained by copying others around them, rather than them being reinforced as skinner claimed. That behaviour is shaped by observing others and interpreting it (Payne, 1997). The fourth behavioural theory is Cognitive Learning Theory and was introduced by Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck in the 1960’s, this is a theory that focuses on the way people perceive, process and retrieve information (Westen, 2001). A perception of the environment from previous experience. It was during the 1980’s that Social Work adopted behavioural theory as a method of working with service users, part of the reason for this was the ability of the theory to achieve realistic outcomes (Watson and West, 2006). The learning theory used in social work is a combination betwe en all four theories listed above; Respondent Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, The Social Learning Theory and Cognitive Learning. These are used to enable the social worker to observe behaviour and therefore intervene appropriately (Watson and West, 2006). The importance of behavioural social work is that the behaviour is learned and can therefore be unlearned. Cognitive learning theory focuses on this specifically and its engagement with cognitive processes which produce thoughts and feelings (Sheldon, 1995). Behavioural social work allows the service user to modify and change their behaviour through a process of reinforcement, both positive and negative, to produce a likeliness of a wanted behaviour occurring (Watson and West, 2006).

Soviet Union Invasion of Afghanistan Research Paper

Soviet Union Invasion of Afghanistan - Research Paper Example The paper describes also the aftermaths of the war. With the collaboration of America-Pakistan against the USSR, Afghanistan saw an emergence of ongoing guerrilla warfare. The United states, through Pakistan, funded the Afghan insurgents and Mujahideen, financing them with weapons as well as money. The Soviets suffered enormously through the hands of this mujhahideen. The soviets had to pay a huge price because of this ferocious resistance as it turned out to be disastrous in terms of military, financially as well as diplomatically. In 1988, the Geneva accords were signed and it included in it a time table which ensured a full Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989. Estimates of the Afghan death vary from 1 million to around 2 million. 15000 soviet soldiers were also injured and killed in the war. Around 10 million Afghans fled to Pakistan as well as Iran. Another 2 million Afghan people were displaced within the country. The Aerial bombing by the soviets destroyed important stru ctures like irrigation canals which were extremely crucial to the agriculture in and arid climate. Most of the farmers who decided to stay in Afghanistan had their fields and irrigation systems bombed and live stocks destroyed. The Landmines alone killed 25000 Afghans during the war and another 10-15 million land mines have been left scattered throughout the country. Even today, Afghan people die or are critically injured as a result of these land mines. A year after the withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan, the USSR collapsed. Similarities between the USSR and US war in Afghanistan: Of course, there are many similarities between the Soviet strategies and policies of their Afghan war of 1979 and the American tactics in Afghanistan since 2001. In 1980s, the USSR was failing in Afghanistan even after a new leadership was emerging the capital of the Soviet Union. The new leadership started to make new strategic changes in order to rescue

Risk Study Report (occupational health and safety) Essay

Risk Study Report (occupational health and safety) - Essay Example eport focuses on this important subject matter, which is covering the riskiness of Hot Air Balloon Flight and presenting measures in order to minimize the riskiness. During vacations, people like to enjoy almost every other available activity, Hot Air Balloon Flight has also become a point of consideration for many travelers and tourist. It can be more popular only when it gets more and more safer. The chances of error and number of accidents must be as low as possible in order to rank oneself as a reputable Hot Air Balloon Company. This report has been divided into four major parts, each of which covers individual aspects of Hot Air Balloon Flights. Nowadays, there are many sports and activities which are becoming center of attraction of adventurers and travelers. Some of the most common activities include surfing, skydiving, paragliding, traveling in Hot Air Balloon etc. All of these activities have some risks associated with them. Legal jurisdictions have made it compulsory to assess the risk. There are various strategies which need to be implemented in order to avoid any uncertainty or unpleasant situation. Number of events of Hot Air Balloon take place every where all year round. The activity of Hot Air Balloon which will be discussed in this paper primarily is â€Å"Dubai Hot Air Balloon Flight†. Further information for this events is being mentioned in the subsequent section of this paper. Hot Air Balloon is one of the most popular adventure activity. Modern balloon technology and training systems assure that it is unlikely for people to get wounded in a Hot Air Balloon accident. Despite of that, since Hot Air Ballooning is an adventure activity and all types of adventure activity do carry some level of risk. Dubai Hot Air Balloon Flight is an event which takes place in Dubai all year long. People from all over the world come to Dubai to enjoy the glitz and glamour of this city. Along with this, they also prefer to enjoy the Hot Air Balloon early morning

Assignment Work Within A Legal And Efficical Time Frame Essay Example for Free

Assignment Work Within A Legal And Efficical Time Frame Essay 1. Why is it important for a worker in the Community Services Industry to follow their job description? Because we have a duty of care to our clients and following our job description is the way we can give our clients the best way to provide a profession standard of service. And keeping in line with the polices kept in place by the organisation. 2. Define the term policy. A policy are rules set out that need to be followed. 3. Define the term procedure. A procedure is a step by step way of how a organisation achieves its desire goal. Why do Community Services Industry workers need to work within agency policy and procedures? Provide three (3) reasons. Ensure they do they do their job properly So No unnecessary harm is caused to the client To provide a proper duty of care to the client 4. Give five examples of areas that should be covered in a policy/procedure manual. Occupational health and safety Duty of care Communication Mandatory Reporting (child abuse) Case management procedure 5. Define the term legislation. Legislation are laws which have been enforced by the state or federal government. 6. Define the term statutory requirements? An act that requires you to do something or not do something is a statutory requirement. 7. Define the term regulatory requirements? Regulatory requirements are rules that tell you how a service should be run. 8. List three pieces of legislation impacting on the Community Services Industry and state the purpose of each. Legislation has the word ‘Act’ in the title. 9. When gathering personal information from a client, what do you need to tell them? Task B Case Study Read the following case study: You are a family and community worker employed by a community-based organisation that is located in a public housing estate. You have been working with the following family for a number of months. Julie has four children, aged 2-10 years old, and lives in a public housing estate in ‘Springvale’. You became involved with Julie’s family when she moved to the estate, having left Bill, the father of her children, due to experiencing domestic violence. Julie was granted public housing due to her single parent status, and she is receiving Parenting Payment (Single) from Centrelink. She was referred to your service, regarding her issues of isolation and parenting difficulties with her elder children. The focus of your intervention has been supporting Julie in her parenting role, linking her with community resources and developing budgeting skills. Julie has never been notified to the state child protection services for suspected abuse of her children. During recent visits, you are becoming increasingly concerned about Julie’s lifestyle. Arriving at Julie’s place in the morning, the flat  is very chaotic, the older kids are always rushing off late to school, and the flat is very messy, with unwashed dishes and scraps of food lying around. The younger children seem to always be watching TV and there is evidence of heavy drinking the night before. On your last visit, Julie informed you that Bill was moving in with her and the kids. Despite Bill’s heavy drinking, Julie is very lonely and not coping with the kids well on her own. She plans to keep this a secret from Centrelink and the state public housing department, as she may no longer be eligible for her financial benefits or subsidised housing. While you acknowledge Julie’s feelings of isolation, you are very concerned for the children’s safety if Bill returns to the family home. You decide that you need to discuss some of these recent developments with Julie. You are aware that Bill is very ‘anti-community workers’ and may react very negatively if he is there when you turn up. He has a history of bullying and threatening behaviour with community agencies that have assisted the family in the past. Answer the following questions based on the case study: 1. How would you find out what your roles and responsibilities are as a family worker? 2. In this case study what would be your roles and responsibilities as the worker? 3. Consult the attached Job Description. From the job description state three (3) key responsibilities and discuss how you could apply each of the responsibilities to this family. 4. As the worker, identify and discuss two (2) ethical dilemmas in this case study. You need to state the ethical dilemmas from the learning material and discuss why it could be a dilemma for you as a worker. 5. What principles of ethical decision making would you need to be aware of when dealing with the ethical dilemmas you identified, and why? 6. Identify the factors that contribute to risk of harm of the children in this case study. 7. Identify and discuss your duty of care in relation to each family member? 8. If you were unsure about how to proceed in working with this family, what would you do next? Read the next part of the case study and answer the following questions: In the course of your work with Julie and her family, Julie expresses dissatisfaction about your work with her family. She is adamant that you have a vendetta against Bill, and that you have breached her confidentiality by discussing her situation with other services (such as Centrelink) and is accusing you of acting unprofessionally. 9. Identify Julie’s rights in this situation. 10. Identify the legislation that supports client complaints in this industry. Legislation has the word â€Å"Act† in the title. 11. Discuss how you would deal with Julie’s complaint. Task C Answer the following questions: 1. From the learning material, identify a model for working through issues and dealing with ethical dilemmas. 2. From the learning material, identify the significant ethical guidelines in the Community Services Industry. 3. From the learning material, identify ways that we can ensure client rights are upheld. 4. From the learning material, identify the basic organisational procedures that you will need to follow when managing a complaint. 5. At what point would you consider using an advocate or an advocacy service? 6. Define these terms: Abuse Neglect Risk Job Description Position:Family Support Worker Location:Springvale Community Services (SCS) Classification:Community Services Worker Grade 3 Social and Community Services Employees (State) Award Hours of Duty: Full time position – 38 hrs/week Position Objectives To support community, families and individuals as an advocate, point of referral and/or resource. Within Organisation Compliance with Springvale Community Service’s Code of Conduct, Goals and Objectives, Mission Statement and Policies and Procedures Compliance with all relevant Legislation, Regulations and Awards Compliance with relevant government funding requirements Compliance with individual scope of practice Maintain privacy and confidentiality of information within SCS Promote a positive image of SCS Maintain a commitment to SCS’s Corporate Plan Liaise with community service providers to plan and engage direct service provision Maintain effective communication and interpersonal skills Efficient and effective utilisation of resources as allocated under the level of responsibility for the position Key Responsibilities Provide direct services to families and individuals that encompass, in consultation with the client(s), identification of issues/needs and implementation of a mutually agreed plan of referral and/or resource acquisition. Provide referral of clients to appropriate / specialist services as required At the request of the client, act as an advocate and/or support for clients accessing referral services and other agencies. Work  within relevant legislation, regulations, codes of practice/conduct and organisational policy and procedures. Maintain factual and objective client records acknowledging the provision of the Privacy Act. Provide outreach services, as required Submit monthly operational and statistical report to the Co-ordinator of Springvale Community Services Perform other duties as requested by the Co-ordinator Actively participate in weekly staff meetings Participate in and contribute to the overall Springvale Community Services Strategic Plan Provide a weekly planner at beginning of each week outlining activities relating to the position role to the Co-ordinator Maintain ongoing professional development ensuring up-to-date knowledge of legislation, referral resources and current professional practices Reporting Relationships

Diversity in Video and Computer Games :: Technology Entertainment Essays

Diversity in Video and Computer Games Ever since the Pong and Atari 2600 consoles became commonplace items in the American household in the 1980s, video games have been part of the world culture. One may be challenged to find a college dorm room without at least one (if not all three) â€Å"next generation† video game systems. Yes, video games are common methods of entertainment among college students regardless of race. So it seems logical that, since the games are played by all races, they should have content featuring all races, right? Well, that’s what I’m here to examine. Violence and Gaming Up to this point, the majority of research based on video games was directed toward the two major concepts of gender and violence. The existence of violence in games is not up for debate; from Donkey Kong throwing barrels and Pac-Man eating ghosts during the birth of home gaming, to samurai Samanosuke slicing up demons in Playstation 2’s Onimusha series, violence has been prevalent in gaming. In fact, a study claims that, on average, 89% of video games include violent content (Children Now, 2001).The question is: how does the violence affect young players? There are two rival camps with opposing viewpoints on the matter of media violence. One, and arguably the more vocal of the two, states that violent content is likely to make the viewer/player act out in violent ways. The other claims that violence in games acts as a catharsis, thus preventing violence on the part of the user. Research on this aspect of video games, and in fact all media, has been conducted as long as the technology has been in existence (Dominick, J.R. (1984). Video games, television violence and aggression in teenagers.). As of yet, results have been inconclusive. Gender in Gaming Within the gender-based subset, most research involved the roles of women within the games, or quite possibly the lack thereof. In the often-referenced article â€Å"An examination of violence and gender role portrayals in video games: implications for gender socialization and aggressive behavior,† Tracy Deitz (1998) found the portrayal of women in games to be somewhere between negligible at best, and harmful to the perception of females at the very worst.

Matter and its Properties Essay

The fundamental building blocks of matter are atoms and molecules. These make up elements and compounds. An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. And element is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom. A compound is the substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. Water is an example of a compound because it is one of many compounds that consist of molecules. The hydrogen and oxygen molecules are chemically bonded to form a water molecule. Properties and Changes in Matter Every substance, whether an element or compound, has characteristic properties. Chemists use these properties to distinguish different substances and then use their knowledge of characteristics to separate them. A property may be a characteristic that defines an entire group of substances. That property can be used to classify an unknown substance within that group. For example, are large groups of elements is metals. The property that sets than apart from anything else is that they conduct electricity well. Therefore, if scientists find an unknown element, and test it for electricity conduction, and it turns out to conduct electricity well, it is, in fact, a metal. Properties also define subgroups or substances. And can also help to reveal the identity of an unknown substance. However, identification usually cannot be made based on only one property. Comparisons of several properties can be used to determine the identity of an unknown. Properties are either intensive or extensive. An extensive property depends on the amount of matter that is present. These properties include volume, mass, and the amount of energy in a said substance. Intensive properties, however, do not depend on the amount of matter present. These properties include the melting  point, boiling point, density, and ability to conduct electricity and heat. Regardless of how much of a substance is present, these properties will always be the same. Chemical and Physical Properties and Changes Physical Properties and Physical Changes A physical property is a characteristic that can be measured or observed without changing the identity of the substance. Physical properties describe the substance itself. Examples of these properties are properties such as melting point and boiling point. A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance is called a physical change. Examples of physical changes include grinding, gutting, melting, and boiling a substance or material. These changes do not change the physical identity of a property. For example: If you rip a paper in half, does that change the identity of the two torn parts? The answer is no, it is still a paper, just smaller and ripped. If you bend a paper clip, is it still a paper clip? Yes. Melting point and boiling point are part of an important classification of physical changes called change of state. A change of state is a physical change of a substance from on state to another. The three common states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Matter in the solid shape has a definite volume and definite shape. Matter in the liquid state has a definite value, but not a definite shape-a liquid can be molded or formed into many different shapes. Matter in the gas state has neither definite volume nor definite shape. Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes Physical properties can be observed without changing the identity of the substance, but chemical properties cannot. A chemical property relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different  substances. Chemical properties are easiest to see when substances react to form (a) new substance(s). For example, when charcoal burns, it combines with oxygen in air to become a new substance, carbon dioxide gas. After this chemical change, the original substances of the charcoal, carbon and oxygen, are no longer present. Another example is the ability of iron to rust by combining with oxygen in the air (moisture). A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances is called a chemical change or reaction. The substances that react in a chemical change are called the reactants. The substances formed by the chemical change are called the products. By burning charcoal, carbon and oxygen are the reactants in a combustion, or burning reaction. Carbon dioxide is the product. Chemical changes and reactions, such as combustion and decomposition, form products whose properties differ greatly from those of the reactants. Chemical changes, however, do not affect the total amount of matter present before and after a reaction. The amount of matter, and total mass, remain the same.

How do the Montagues and Capulets react to loss in Romeo and Juliet? Essay

Throughout Romeo and Juliet loss is abound, making the text relatable for modern and contemporary audiences. Loss is an ineluctable part of human life allowing audiences from any era to be able to sympathise with the characters and connect with them. Many people share the view that lord Capulet cared little for his daughter, not unusual In Elizabethan times, but I feel there is much evidence to the contrary, lord Capulet, loved his â€Å"only child†, Juliet. PROLOGUE Juliet’s supposed death evoked intense feeling of grief and guilt, clearly shown in the successful use of alliteration. Capulet is overwhelmed by grief, exclaiming â€Å"O child, O child! My soul and not my child!†. Throughout the text â€Å"O† is used to express characters grief. Capulet use of the repetition of â€Å"O† Portrays his shock to Juliet’s death and the grief he feels over it. Shakespeare uses â€Å"O† numerous times to express grief because it can portrayed differently by each actor depending on their interpretation of the character. In Capulets case either the actor thinks he is truly grieving over the death of his â€Å"only child† or he is exaggerating his reaction due to the presence of Paris. It can be interpreted this way because Capulet doesn’t use â€Å"O† when talking about his loss until Paris enters. As soon as Paris sees Juliet he immediately exclaims â€Å"O love! O life!†, Capulet then needs to outdo his reaction so that his love for Juliet is not questioned. Capulet is merely a misunderstood father as he truly grieves the death of his daughter although he neglects to show it to Juliet and the audience before her death. (effect on the audience) In Juliet’s â€Å"death† Capulet used a lot of imagery which serves to portray his emotions. He refers to her as the â€Å"sweetest flower† creating the image of how beautiful Juliet was. However as â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is a play the audience would have already seen Juliet so it portrays his inner feelings. To Capulet Juliet was the prettiest and â€Å"sweetest† woman. Afterwards he says â€Å"she was a flower deflowered by him†. He no longer feels Juliet is his â€Å"flower† because death has tainted her and took it away, it has â€Å"deflowered† Juliet. Juliet is far too young to die in the night, arousing Capulets  suspicions that Juliet may have been involved. Thus, she is no longer his â€Å"flower† as she betrayed his trust as she is now unable to marry Paris. Capulet was extremely egar for Paris and Juliet to get married and even referred to it is as â€Å"our† wedding. The marriage to a relative of the prince would raise the social standing of the Capulets and hopefully remove them from the watchful eye of the prince. This is dramatic irony because the audience knows Juliet and Paris will never wed because then the Montagues and Capulets won’t be â€Å"alike in dignity† as the Capulets will be valued higher than the Montagues. Upon learning of Juliet’s death lord Capulet acknowledges his mistake of pushing her to marry Paris, insisting the feud cease. Lord Capulet immediately pleads to Montague, â€Å"O brother Montague, give thy hand. This is my daughter’s jointure, for no more can I demand†. Lord Capulet refers to Juliet’s â€Å"jointure† as being her death bed, voicing his regret and guilt for forcing her to marry Paris; he now understands why Juliet didn’t want to marry him. A jointure is something a woman agrees on in consideration of marriage, by calling Juliet’s death her jointure he admits that he wanted Juliet to marry Paris for reasons other than love. However this was common in Elizabethan times which is why they would sympathise with him unlike today’s audience who would not as arranged marriages are not a supported or common aspect in society. The acknowledgement of Montague as Capulets â€Å"brother† infers that he is aware of the marriage between Romeo and Juliet. When Capulet talks about the â€Å"jointure† he is thinking about his son in law, Romeo. Therefore, in order to honour Juliet he ends the feud between the families as he knows this is the only â€Å"jointure† that would have pleased Juliet. This shows evolution of character as he’s ended an â€Å"ancient† feud due to his grief over the loss of his daughter. In act 1 Capulet refers to Romeo as â€Å"a virtuous and well governed youth† supporting the idea that if he had known, Capulet would have approved the wedding between Romeo and Juliet. Thus, if Juliet had told him she could have lived a fulfilling life with Romeo. However as this play is a tragedy it requires the hero to die a tragic death due the (can’t remember the word) (Mercutio’s death), foreshadowing that this would never happen. On  the other hand he could call his former enemy â€Å"brother Montague† because he is suffering the same sorrow for the death of his only child thus, they are brothers in sorrow. Death lies on her like an untimely frost Upon the sweetest flower of all the field. (31-32) Visual lightness and darkness within the scene corresponds to the image of life and death facing Juliet. MY GRAVE IS LIKE MY WEDDING BED-FORESHADOWING Dead art thou! Alack, my child is dead, And with my child my joys are buried. hy camest thou now To murder, murder our solemnity?

Botulinum toxin essays

Botulinum toxin essays Botulinum Toxin: A Killer and a Healer How can the worlds dangerous substance be a persons healer? Highlight 11.1, Botulinum Toxin: A Killer and a Healer, describes this two-faced toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum that may help a person with muscle problems and yet threat the whole world with only one gram of botulinum toxin. This bacteria, C. botulinum, also meaning, sausage in Latin is an anaerobic, endospore-forming, Gram positive bacillus that is common in soil and water worldwide. Clostridia are rod-shaped, but when producing spores they appear more like drumsticks with a bulge at one end. The vegetative cells are the yellow drumsticks, and the spores are the light-blue ovals within the yellow cells (as seen on the picture above). Its endospores that survive improper canning of food, germinating to produce vegetative cells that grow and release into the jar or can a powerful neurotoxin, (Vangelova, 1) that can cause botulism when toxin enters the body. Different strains of botulinum produces one of seven antigenically distinct botulism toxins ( A through G). The good thing is that this toxin is not contagious but can be easily acquired. There are three types of botulinum toxin that can be obtained through food-borne, wound, or an infant. But it is also being used in the medical field to suppress many diseases. Botulinum toxin can be obtained through food-borne. As Vangelova stated, One of the most common culprits in food-borne botulism is home-canned food, especially vegetables such as asparagus, green beans, and peppers. More than 90 percent of food-borne botulism outbreaks between 1976 and 1985 were due to home-processed foods, describing how these endospores can germinate vegetative cells and cause great damage. One basic recommendation was to cook food to be canned in pressure cookers because they can maintain temperatures high enough (abo...

IKEA - Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IKEA - - Essay Example s its distinctive Swedish identity in that all stores are painted in the Swedish national colors of yellow and blue, with small food stores inside where Swedish food can be purchased. Supervised play areas and baby care rooms make it an attractive store for families to visit. IKEA has an economic impact on the economy of every host country in which it opens its stores, because it provides a large number of jobs. It also operates in a socially responsible manner. Its policy towards its suppliers and its focus on the development of low cost products through excellent integration of its design, supplier network, production and customer service has contributed to its economic success, making Kamprad the richest man in the world. IKEA came into being in 1943, when its founder Ingvar Kamprad was 17 years old and received a gift from his father for performing well in his studies. The young Kamprad used this gift to found a business and named it IKEA using his initials, Elmtaryd and Agunnaryd – the names of the farm and the village where he grew up (Solomon, 1991). The business started off by selling matches, because Ingvar discovered that he could buy matches in bulk from Stockholm and sell them individually at a low price to customers while still making a profit. He also sold a variety of miscellaneous items such as pens, watches, jewellery and other products which he was able to procure and sell at a reduced price. He made these sales initially to neighbors by moving around on his bicycle. Later, he advertised in local papers and brought his products to the attention of his customers through a mail order catalog. For distribution of his products throughout the country, he used the county milk van to d eliver the products to the nearby train station.(www.ikea.com). Kamprad introduced furniture into his line of products in 1947. The furniture was manufactured by local manufacturers, using the wood growing close to Kamprad’s home, and the product sold well. Since he

Health care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Health care - Assignment Example The reasons for this gendered violence range from many factors, from psychological to economical reasons, and I will attempt to elaborate more on these triggers of violence and also offer solutions marital partners can take to put an end to domestic partner violence. Firestone claims that there are two very important psychological factors that influence why domestic partner violence occurs; a "destructive thought process," and what is called a "fantasy bond," (Firestone, n.p). The destructive thought process that Firestone mentions refers to the case where the abuser has this thought in his head that he/she must abuse their partner; the abuser keeps imagining negative things that he/she assumes that their partner is thinking of them, for instance, "She/he is controlling you. Dont let her/him act like you are weak," (Firestone, n.p). In my opinion, men are more likely to act upon this inner voice than are women, because there are external pressures from society on men to act a certain way; men today are still expected to be strong and dominant and powerful, and when imagine that their wives are acting in a way that makes them look unmanly, they lash out at their wives on the whims of this "inner voice," (Firestone, n.p). Also, the "fantasy bond" that Firestone mentions, refers to the belief a person has that he/she is only complete with their partner; this belief also supports the idea that one person in the relationship has power over the other (Firestone, n.p). For me, I believe men like to imagine that they are in control in this "fantasy bond," since patriarchal values extol them to be more powerful than women; this entitles men to physically abuse their partners. Panda and Agarwal offer an economic reason for why men are more likely to physically abuse their female partners; for him, womens economic dependence on men sets the scene for them being physically abused, (Panda & Agarwal, page 824). He claims for example that when a woman has her own house, the