Essay --

The contraband woman and her unique life experience have long since been pretermit by mainstream media, historical accounts of events, and law makers just to name a few. For example, David Bakers Female Lynchings in the United States Amending the Historical Record emphasizes the carelessness and, as a result, inaccuracies of accounts taken of female lynchings from the early 1800s to the mid 1900s. The discrepancies, disorder, and wanting information in the accounts Baker pulled from were all reminders of the frequency in which disrespect and disregard for downhearted Women and their experiences occurred. In modern day America, the low-spirited womans experience is still lacking in the media. A prime example of the lack of aim of Black Womens issues in the media is in Michelle Alexanders The New Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. The book discusses mass enslavement as the new way in which Blacks are consistently controlled in America. Alexander makes a co nvincing argument that through colorblind racism, the criminal evaluator transcription as a whole strives to methodically control Black men. What Alexander, like so many other authors of critical race theory, fails to mention, is the ways in which Black women are sy arrestatically oppressed throughout the criminal justice system. Along with bearing the brunt of stigmatization, Black incarcerated women also often find themselves facing health problems that stem from life circumstancessome that also are racially influencedoutside prison-life, but are magnified once they are incarcerated. The reason Black incarcerated womens health becomes more pressing during this period, other than the fact that they do non have their freedom, is that there is a large flaw in the way... ...s incarceration, this is referred to as the federation of silence (Miller, pg. 133). The pincer may not want to openly discuss where their get has gone. The child may also evoke develop negative favorable t raits because of their inability to talk about their incarcerated mothers, which can potentially reveal the gap between them and their incarcerated mother. We can all recognize the importance of children being able to slip by a certain amount of time with their mothers, but in prison that time is often cut short or non-existent which hinders the relationship between the mother and child. Some states are unwilling to provide childrens visitation at their correctional facilities, and as a result the child becomes a victim of the criminal process. The child is paying for the crime that their mother committed by not being able to spend enough quality time with them. Essay -- The Black woman and her unique life experience have long since been neglected by mainstream media, historical accounts of events, and law makers just to name a few. For example, David Bakers Female Lynchings in the United States Amending the Historical Record emphasizes the carelessness and, as a r esult, inaccuracies of accounts taken of female lynchings from the early 1800s to the mid 1900s. The discrepancies, disorder, and missing information in the accounts Baker pulled from were all reminders of the frequency in which disrespect and disregard for Black Women and their experiences occurred. In modern day America, the Black womans experience is still lacking in the media. A prime example of the lack of presence of Black Womens issues in the media is in Michelle Alexanders The New Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. The book discusses mass incarceration as the new way in which Blacks are systematically controlled in America. Alexander makes a convincing argument that through colorblind racism, the criminal justice system as a whole strives to methodically control Black men. What Alexander, like so many other authors of critical race theory, fails to mention, is the ways in which Black women are systematically oppressed throughout the criminal justice sy stem. Along with bearing the brunt of stigmatization, Black incarcerated women also often find themselves facing health problems that stem from life circumstancessome that also are racially influencedoutside prison-life, but are magnified once they are incarcerated. The reason Black incarcerated womens health becomes more pressing during this period, other than the fact that they do not have their freedom, is that there is a large flaw in the way... ...s incarceration, this is referred to as the conspiracy of silence (Miller, pg. 133). The child may not want to openly discuss where their mother has gone. The child may also evoke develop negative social traits because of their inability to talk about their incarcerated mothers, which can potentially widen the gap between them and their incarcerated mother. We can all recognize the importance of children being able to spend a certain amount of time with their mothers, but in prison that time is often cut short or non-existent which h inders the relationship between the mother and child. Some states are unwilling to provide childrens visitation at their correctional facilities, and as a result the child becomes a victim of the criminal process. The child is paying for the crime that their mother committed by not being able to spend enough quality time with them.

Funding a United States Space Program :: essays research papers

Funding a linked States Space ProgramIt is imperative that the United States government should put forth a better initiative regarding our flailing national blank space course of studys, and increase their budgets considerably, stressing modification on its goals, modification of its resources, and for overall further progress of its scope and capability. The space program had been heralded for years as the pride, and future, of the United States. Its promise brought hope to a society plagued by fear and competition, and has since been both the momentum for both immense technological competition, and then conversely, a symbol of cooperation between two diametrically opposed cultures. It brought numerous breakthroughs in medicine, materials science, engineering, and defenseover 30,000 advancements to date, including MRIs and cast off scans for detecting cancers and other health threats. Why does our government choose to slowly phase out the life of an entity that has only but a dded years to our own? The space program is an important part of our existence as Americans, and as world citizens.The space program deprivations the appropriate funding for modification for fundamental purposes. The program has worked with the same prototype rocket for almost 50 years. New breakthroughs have emerged in planning and research however the program does not have the fashion to go about implementing new ideas. With advancements created through space science research, such findings could create better means of travel on Earth. Also, space exploration gave us the first stark warnings of a world damaged by our endangerment of the environment, and it could further nurture the repair of our planet by allowing us to find better ship canal of utilizing our resources.Space travel and exploration is needed for social purposes. Just as Russians and Americans, and now the Chinese, are able to put aside differences to embark on the ultimate human pioneering experience, so it is ne eded for the sake of unifying humanity through example. Someday, everyone in the world, even those not as privileged as the aforementioned societies, give be touched by the immense advancements space research has made, if they havent been touched already. Since we do not truly know what can be out there awaiting us, both living and nonliving, it is important that we are prepared as a race to face them, in case a need or emergency arises in which we are forced to. Space travel concentrates on an investment in the betterment of humanity as a whole, and by so doing, it presents to the world the idea of our maturity as a race.

Euthanasia Essay example -- essays research papers

Euthanasia, also known as mercy killing is a practice of fetch uping a life to release an individual from an incurable affection or intolerable suffering. Euthanasia has been accepted both legally and morally in various forms in many societies only when not in all. In ancient Greece and Rome it was permissible in some situations to help others die. For example, the Greek writer Plutarch mentioned that in Sparta infanticide was practiced on children who lacked "health and vigor." Both Socrates and Plato sanctioned forms of mercy killing in certain cases. Voluntary mercy killing for the elderly was an approved custom in several ancient societies. With the rise of organized religion, mercy killing became morally and ethically abhorrent. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all hold human life sacred and condemn euthanasia in any form. Following traditional religious principles, Western laws have broadly speaking considered the act of helping someone to die a form of homicide subject to legal sanctions. Even a passive withholding of help to prevent termination has frequently been severely punished. Euthanasia, however, occurs secretly in all societies, including those in which it is held to be immoral and illegal.      There are two main types of euthanasia, passive and active. Passive euthanasia is the deliberate disconnection of life support equipment, or cessation of any life-sustaining medical procedure, permitting the natural death of the patient. diligent euthanasia is deliberate natural process to end the life of a dying patient to avoid further suffering on that point are two types of active euthanasia. Active voluntary euthanasia is when a lethal injection is giving by a doctor into a dying patient to end life by request of the sufferer. Active involuntary is lethal injection by a doctor into a dying patient without that persons express request. Active involuntary is considered murder by most.     Sin ce euthanasia is illegal in 49 of the 50 US states it would seem that most mess are against it. There are some people who have organise brass instruments that help to educate people about euthanasia and that In fact euthanasia may be a good thing. One such organization is ERGO the Euthanasia Research & Guidance Organization a nonprofit educational corporation, which was founded in 1993 to improve the quality of background research of physician-as... ...he end stage. Once these symptoms are alleviated the emotional pain becomes the focus and it takes great strength to watch a loved one die slowly mean solar day by day. Ive seen families brought together and serve as a great comfort to each other and to the patients. Death to these people is not the enemy but a natural ending of life. Ive also seen familys fall apart, seemingly unable to hold up under such pressure. Are these the people who assist in anothers suicide? Is it a weak persons way out? It is done because of love or inability to cope? exclusively they know. The writer of this paper feels that euthanasia should be accepted more then it is, but is not the answer. I think that most suffering can be deemed tolerable with proper medications. It seems that if the pain can be controlled with medication, that the person could pass on in a deep sleep and be comfortable. However there are other symptoms that accompany other illness that can not be changed by medication. Like Christopher Reeves no matter how much medication he is given he will never walk, ride a horse, or bath himself again. This kind of suffering I would find intolerable and would justify euthanasia.Footnotes

Samuel Sewall :: essays research papers

Samuel Sewall born in 1652 in England. He was taken as a child to Newbury, Massachusetts, and graduated from Harvard in 1671. He became a minister but gave up the role to take management of a printing press in Boston and entered upon a public career. He was elected in 1683 to the general court and was a member of the council. As one of the judges who tried the capital of Oregon witchcraft cases in 1692, he shared the responsibility for the conviction of nineteen persons. However, he became convinced of the error of these convictions and in 1697 in middle-aged South Church, Boston, publicly accepted the blame and shame for them. Sewall served for thirty-seven historic period as judge of the superior court of the colony, being chief justice during the last ten years of his service. Sewall was also a well-known author and his most famous work was his three-volume diary, which is very revealing of Samuel Sewall and the period he lived in. Sewall was a respected figure of his quantify and shared relations with other prominent icons of the colonial era. When Sewall entered Harvard he shared a home for two years with Edward Taylor, a famous American poet who became a lifelong friend of Sewalls. Also in the year of the Salem witch Trials Samuel Sewall was appointed as one of nine judges by Govenor Phips, another faller judge on this board was Cotton Mather. A famous individual of colonial times he was a minister of Bostons Old North Church and was a true believer in witchcraft. Sewall and Mather were both puritans, authors, and shared similar views. Samuel Sewall died in Boston, Massachusetts in 1730, January 1st.Samuel Sewalls writing was of a traditional Puritan style. His work often concentrated on religion, politics, business life, and good living. But unlike Puritans of his time Sewalls many writings address specific concerns about the rights of Native Americans and of African-Americans brought as slaves to the colonies. Sewall wrote the first Puritan anti-sl aveholding tract The Selling of Joseph. The literary work that Sewall is most famous for is his Diary it consists of a narrow record of his daily life, reflecting his interest in living piously and well. He notes little purchases of sweets for a woman he was courting, and their disagreements over whether he should affect focal ratio class and expensive ways such as wearing a wig and using a coach.

Emer’s Ghost :: Essays Papers

Emers GhostFor this months book report I read a book c completelyed Emers Ghost by Catherine Sefton. This book was about a girl named Emer who lives in Northern Ireland. She knows a man named Mr.Bannon who has a hidey-hole where he keeps things, and it is a very incomprehensible place. Emer finds a wooden doll that is old and worn, and noticed that there was something strange about the doll when she picked it up. That night when she went to sleep, she awoke only to find a ghost of a young girl. Emer was frightened but she wanted to help the girl. The girl disappeared and when Emer tried to tell her sister, Breige, she only laughed and made fun of Emer. The same thing happened a some days later. Emers other sister, Kathleen, wanted to go to the fortune teller, so Emer went along with her. When they arrived the fortune teller first told Kathleens future. Then when she got to tell Emers, all the fortune teller did was to look into Emers eyes for a very long beat. Then the fortune teller gave Emer a drawing and asked her if it looked familiar. At this time Emer had never seen it before, so the fortune teller told her to keep it. Later on in the book, Emer sees the drawing on the window and wonders what it means. Kathleens friend was digging virtually a church that had been burned down a long time ago by the Vikings when they were looking for a chalice. Finally Emer sees the ghost again and sees the drawing. She finally knew what the drawing meant it was a map of the hidey-hole Emer and Breige go into the hidey hole and discover that the jetty was where the roof of the hidey-hole had caved in. Emer and Breige frantically dug through the stones and crawled through to the other side, and then the wall collapsed. Emer was choking and thought she was going to die, but she was able to crawl out of the hole. She then realized that Breige was still in there, so she went and dug Breige out, but Breige wasnt breathing Finally Breige started breath ing and Emer found the chalice. All of the town was happy and the ghost never bothered Emer again.

Chinese Dynasties Essay -- essays research papers

Chinese Dynasties 1. Shang Also called Yin, dynasty that was Chinas earliest historically verifiable state 1766 B.C. to 1122 B.C. A. Reasons for Rise remote the early accounts of history by the Chinese, there is archaeological evidence of the Shang, who built their cities in northern China around the eastern parts of the Yellow River. For this spring they are called the Yellow River civilization. They were a bronze age people bronze-working seems to have entered China around 2000 BC (about one thousand years after its figure in Mesopotamia). B. Territorial Location & size at height of power (map) The Shang ruled the area from the North China Plain northward into current Shantung Province and westward to the tip of Honan Province. C. System of government & rule & names of noted rulers and their accomplishments A city-state confederation with a three-fold structure of king, officials, commoners. D. major Religious beliefs & practices The Shang worshiped the earth and other nature deities to whom they offered human sacrifices. They communicated with the supernatural by writing messages on oracle bones. E. *Major Accomplishments, Achievements, and contributions The Shang society was many agricultural. They had a large army. Bronze casting was highly developed and a writing system had evolved. There commerce was highly developed and they utilize cowrie shells was used as currency. Shang art consisted of Bronze, pottery, and jade ornaments. Writing The singular aspect of Shang civilization is their invention of writing. Almost all the written records of the Shang have disappeared, for the court records were kept on strips of bamboo. However, inscriptions on bronze and on the oracle bones silent survive so we have specimens of the very first Chinese writings. The writing system was earlier pictographic, that is, words were represented by pictures that fairly closely resembled the meaning of the word. The picture for "sun," for instance, lo oked much like the sun. This pictographic writing eventually developed into the more compound ideographic writing that we are more familiar with. Chinese writing is one of the only contemporary writing systems that still prominently bears traces of its pictographic origins. morality The Shang worshipped a figure they called "Shang Ti," or "Lord on High." This supreme ... ...locally developed. This was especially true in China, with its ancient and vast bureaucracy. While Genghis Khan was still living, he divided the conglomerate between his four favorite sons. Tului, the youngest, received the original Mongol homelands and parts of northern China. Ogadai received western Mongolia and part of northwesterly China. Chagatai was given most of Turkestan in Central Asia. The oldest son, Juchi, received southwestern Siberia, western Turkestan, and Russian lands stretching north of the Black Sea. A fifth section of the empire was later added when Hulagu, a son of Tului, conquered Iran, Iraq, and Syria in the 1250s. D. Major Religious beliefs & practices E. *Major Accomplishments, Achievements, and contributions The largest empire ever seen F. Major reasons for decline and fall Genghis Khan and his firstborn son, Juchi, both died in 1227. At a convocation of Mongol leaders, Ogadai was appointed supreme khan. Juchis lands in the west were inherited by his son Batu. Ogadai made his great(p) at Karakorum in central Mongolia. He immediately set out to add more of China to the Mongol conquests. By 1234 all but the southmost region of China had been incorporated.

The battle between religios

Christianity vs. Judaism Did you know that Christianity evolved from Judaism? In fact in the senior Testament, which is part of the Bible, were the words of the Jews (Southwick). You may have never heard of Judaism because it is such a little religion that not many bulk practice. Although Judaism is such a small religion it means a lot, without it thither would not be Christianity Therefore, there argon many similarities mingled with Christianity and Judaism however, there are also many differences. Christianity is the largest religion in the entire world, 32. of are worlds population is Christian (Southwick). There are also thousands of different types of Christianity. As of right now there are about 33,820 sub religions, Catholic being the biggest with about 1,050,000,000 members (Wikipedia). Think about that, all over 1/7 of the world is made up of Catholics. Christianity is one of many monotheistic religions meaning they believe in one god and that goes by the heel of savi or. Jesus is actually of three people God the father, God the son and God the Holy Spirit. They call this trinity which is a group of three people or things.Most Christians go to church very Sun mean solar day for about an hour and listen to the stories of God read out of the Bible. On the night before Christmas and the day of Christmas people usually go to church to celebrate the birth of Jesus. Christianity is not a very extensive religion compared to most, there are very a few(prenominal) requirements. The only thing you really need to do is believe in God/Jesus and you also must be baptized. This is probably why it is such a large religion. Unlike Christianity, Judaism is not a very large religion. Only 0. 2% of the worlds population s made up of this religion.Compared to 32. 5% (Christian population) 0. 2% is not very much. This religion started in a place called Canaan and now a days Judaism is mainly practiced in Israel. Dissimilar to Christianity, 52% of Jews do not believe in gods. Appose to what most Christians think, most Jews do not thing God was the messiah. The sacred text of the Jews goes by the relate of the Torah, which are the first five books of the Old Testament. The Torah was given to the people by God. Judaism is also a monotheistic religion. Jews did not eat shellfish or meat.https//donemyessay.com/why-was-the-battle-of-gettysburg-so-important/ exclusively of their meat had to be kosher. A big part of the Jews faith is to respect your elders If you disrespected your parents they would have the right to beat you. One of the mail holidays in the religion is Hanukkah and is noted during the month of December. There are far more requirements to the religion which is probably why there are very few people that are a part of the religion. Because Christianity came from Judaism there will be many similarities but since Christianity started a lot have things have changed making it different from Judaism.One thing they have in common is that t hey both follow the Ten Commandments. They also both attend church and read out of the holy book. The Bible includes the first five books of the Old Testament which makes up the Torah. A major difference is the majority Jews do not believe Jesus Christ was the messiah. On the contrary Christians believe that Jesus is the messiah. Jews pray to Jehovah. Also Jews has different main day of worship then Christians. The Jews main day of worship is on Saturday oppose to Christians which is on Sunday. the battle between religios By noahwatsonl

Eating Disorder Research Paper Essay

Media and connection ar often realizeed at as a source of daily entertainment, gossip and news. Every day, people argon constantly exposed to thousands of images of glamour, beauty, celebrities, and much more. The media is so compelling that it has the power to change what people retrieve in. The images that are shown repeatedly make a way into teenagers mind and they want to be a part of what the media shows. Teens spirit the need to change their body to run into a certain way and be give care someone else. exclusively a fact unknown to teenagers is that counterbalance celebrities body are non perfect. The to the highest degree common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.People with anorexia have a huge fear of gaining weight and a change in their body manakin and surface (Eating Disorders). Anorexia has been characterized as a rich white girl disorder because most anorectics are white and near three-quarters of them come from households at the o ptic income level or above (Davidson and Fundukian). Bulimia on the other hand is when a person eats large amount of food over a short period of time then(prenominal) later performs activities to try to burn the calories off. Binging is the most common symptom of bulimia and it is often done when trying to give rid of the food eaten.Bulimia is thought to affect around 1% to 5% of teenage American girls and up to 3% will be bulimic at some point in their smell (Arnold and Walsh 30). Studies show that media exposure has a direct impact on disorder symptoms and indirect effects through and through gender role endorsement, ideal-body stereotype internalization and body satisfaction. The covers of magazines display pictures of both men and women whose images are offered as near perfection in companionship. Research has shown that even brief exposure to ads showing highly attractive models results in decreased satisfaction with ones own appearance (McMurray).Teenagers should know tha t celebrities are non magically beautiful and thin, they are made to look that way. Todays culture is unique in that the media is a far more powerful front end than ever before (Derenne and Bersin). The media has been named as a causative factor for body dissatisfaction, which promotes unrealistic standards of female beauty and show images that create and reinforce cultural definitions of attractiveness. (Qtd. in Wexler). The media opens the door of eating disorders to teenagers and brainwashes them into thinking that being thin is important and necessary.The media needs to be very careful in the messages that they give to teenagers regarding body image. Dr. Bond says how the media should be more responsible in not publishing pictures of very thin models and celebrities because young people wish to emulate them. Eating disorders are not dismissal away, if anything they are be feeler more common (Thinspiration? ). Advertisements everywhere continually expose the notion that losing weight will make people happier. Advertisements that show thin celebrities yield forbidden to individuals verbalize them what they can be or engender if they were thin.By flavour at these advertisements, women start to feel insecure nigh the way they look. The NEDA reports that womens magazines contained 10. 5 times more advertisements and articles promoting diet and weight loss then were found in mens magazines. It also reports that a study of 4,294 interlock television commercials revealed that one out of every 3. 8 commercials conveyed some sort of attractiveness message of what is or is not attractive (Qtd. In Wexler). Many women much compare their bodies to those around them and the body images on advertisements lowers their self-esteem.The advertisements of celebrities affects the stereotypical idea of an ideal body which leads to eating disorders (Stice et al 5). Online, there are websites that promote anorexia. Teens with anorexia can then put up pictures of their s kinny bodies for other anorectics to see and feel encouraged by. They feature pictures of celebrities such Keira Knightley and Victoria Beckham that promote 400-500 calories a day diet. In a year alone more than 500,000 people visited the sites and a 2011 EU survey found more than one in five six-to 11-year olds had been exposed to one or more sites with these harmful content (Thinspiration? . Teens who are anorexic feel that having an eating disorder is not a bad thing.They look upon each other for support, notification each other secrets of losing weight. The quote Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels by Kate Moss is popular among these pro-anorexia websites (Wardrop). TV shows also send the message to be thin to whoever watches them. Disney Channel, which attracts millions of viewers, especially the young, made fun of eating disorder and actually promoted the idea of being thin. In the show Shake It Up, someone stated I could just eat you guys up, you know, if I ate (Party It U p).In some other Disney show, So Random, a conversation goes on where one character tells another Angus only eats one full meal a day to which Angus replies My agents always on me about flavour my best (Colbie Caillat). Disney thinks about eating disorders as a joke which is not dangerous. For many kids, the people on Disney are their role models, and if kids see their role models not eating, they are going to think that it is okay to not eat. Also if Disney encourages the idea of not eating that kids will do the same thing. Demi Lovato who battled an eating disorder attacked Disney about these risky messages that they send to kids.Experts say that Lovato opened the Pandoras Box about the dangerous effects television shows can have on the negative body image of young women (Disney jut Star). Even in other TV shows, the overweight characters are most likely portrayed as superfluous and the one with no friends, while thin characters are successful and popular. This also sends a me ssage that in order to be successful in life a person has to be thin. Teenagers feel pressured into looking the way society wants them to look like.Everywhere they go, they see posters of celebrities enhanced to look perfect. Society thinks that if someone does not look a certain way then it is not acceptable and that they should change how their body looks. From a young age, women are given the message that in order to be happy, they must be thin. Thousands of teenage girl starve themselves to attain what the fashion industry considers to be the ideal figure (Thompson). Society has become obsessive and prejudiced when it comes to body image. Society and media work together to get that one message across to teens today to be thin. New diets come out every month and media spends money trying to advertise them and get celebrity endorsements.In stores, the front pages of magazines show that one celebrity that everyone looks up too. How they talk about that one diet that changed their l ife and made them happy again. Teens think that if these celebrities can be skinny, then why cant they? Teens spend their times looking at websites and magazines that tell them how to be skinny. By constantly portraying perfect bodies in the media, it promotes unhealthy eating that can sometimes lead to death (Disney Pop Star). Even today, dolls like Barbie send that message to young girl to be thin.The Barbie doll is a stereotype of a woman with no flaws and a perfect body who gets to be whatever she wants. Girls who play with Barbie feel the need to look and act like her. The traditional Barbie is known for her 40-18-32 measurements (Young) which would be unproportional on gracious bodies (Grey). If Barbie were real, she would be 59 tall and weigh 110 pounds, about 35 pounds below the minimum healthy weight for a woman of that size (McMurray). Barbie helps to perpetuate an ideal of materialism, beauty, and being thin is happiness and since a young age, the desire to be thin is re cognized by girls everywhere.But eating disorders doesnt just affect women, it affects men also. In a study by Harvard researchers, 25% of 3,000 adults had anorexia or bulimia and 40% of binge eaters were men (Boodman). Just like women, men also feel pressured into looking a certain way. In school, boys are told to be healthy if they want to keep playing a sport. But that habit can become something more dangerous. Studies show that gay males particularly place a higher calculation on thinness than heterosexual males, with a level of concern for thinness almost equal to that of the typical heterosexual female (Anderson, Cohn, and Holbrook 41).Because of this many men might be afraid about coming out to the world about their eating disorder. Some people think of an eating disorder as more of a woman thing and psychological tests for eating disorders are biased towards diagnosing women (Anderson, Cohn, and Holbrook 41). Eating disorders are also common in the entertainment business. Ce lebrities and models are also under pressure to look their best. The average model weighs 23% less than the average woman and fit the category of being anorexic (Thompson). Models go through plastic surgery and photos are air-brushed before going to print.The body type and images are unobtainable to the average individual and the constant force of these images on society makes teens believe that they should be. Many celebrities and models who feel that an eating disorder is something more dangerous than what everyone else seems have come out and talked about that issues. Even celebrities who once had an eating disorder spend time educating others and telling them that it is okay to get help. In 1992 after the news about Princess Diana being bulimic was released, there was a significant increase in the number of bulimia diagnoses.This effect then came known as the Diana Effect (Celebrities Who Battled Eating Disorders). Just like how Lucy Grealy states in her memoir Autobiography of a Face, Beauty, as defined by society at large, seemed to be only about who was best at looking like everyone else (187) it looks like that conception has not changed since that time. In todays society everything is about being thin and trying to look like a model or a celebrity. Teenagers try to do everything to make themselves how society wants it but in the end they just destroy themselves.Society and media think of an eating disorder as a joke but it is a malady a disease that has the power to take the lives of both women and men. For anybody out there who thinks that an eating disorder is not a big deal then they are wrong. People, especially the media, should know that the message they send out to teens is wrong everything is not just about being thin. Simply by the media bringing out the concept that being beautiful and thin is necessary for a successful life is wrong. Having to look like a model to be accepted in society is wrong.All these messages have a huge negative eff ect on teenagers and they think down of themselves just because they do not think they are veracious for society. The fake advertisements that are shown is just another step for teens to developing a dangerous and deadly addiction that is called an eating disorder. I think we look at society and we look at every ad that out there and everything that tells us how were supposed to look, and how were supposed to live, and how were supposed to be instead of saying Is that how really I feel? , Is that really what I want to do? , and Is that really how I want to live? (Ellen DeGeneres).

Cell Phone

Tia Jeffries English 101 Mrs. baker 17 March 2013 official personal force-outs of boothular tele bring forward sets in Society The electric carrelular cry is perhaps single of the greatest innovations k immediatelyn to man. The cellular yell coupled with technological advancements has influenced the lives of people from solely lifestyles glob each(prenominal)y. However, the cellular predict has underg superstar massive phylogeny over time from the immense hand-held tele think at its starting time to the hand-held active devices it is today. Through evolution the cellular name has a irresponsible effect on clubhouse. The cellular scream started essentially as a confabulation device.However, it has evolved into a personal organizer, a mobile office, an instrument of distribution of culture and knowledge among other utilities. The nightclub has seemingly evolved alongside the cellular foretell. Notable, is the effect the cellular phone has had on the room the socie ty heralds, engages in avocation, entertains itself, and generates popular culture (Hanson 213). The present society is so reliable on the cellular phone that it tail assemblynot imagine a day without it. In essence, the cellular phone has succored todays society to be what it is by influencing literary every aspect of lifetime in the twenty-first century.This includes being interconnected, more(prenominal) knowledgeable, innovative, and globalized. What fol pocket-sizes argon a few aspects of the society that confirm benefitted from the cellular phone. chat is perhaps the single biggest gain for the society because of cellular phones. Although this was the original intention of the cellular phones during their inception, advancements in this area has seen increase benefits to the society (Murray 59). To begin with, people may easily keep in mate globally by means of with(predicate) verbalise function and short messaging gains (sms) also known as texting (Baldwin, n. d. . In addition, advanced models of cellular phones allow move of electronic mail and sharing of photos and flicks (Pandey, 2012). study advancements in the increase of frequencies of cellular communication and broadening of data exaltation bandwidths allow exchange of large contents of information. One of such advancements that come with meliorate cellular phone models is video distinguishs that allow regular phone voice calls to be accompanied by videos of the society and the receiver (Katz 212). This gives a near true-to-life(prenominal) effect to communication that resembles face-to-face communication.Increased overtureibility to mobile devises has also contributed greatly to the number of people able to leave development cellular phones (Pandey, 2012). cadreular phones arrive also drastically reduced the apostrophize of communication. This has been occasioned by the low equals of employment as compare to the prior models of using fixed line telephones, whi ch hail more especially for long distance calls. In addition, the cost of the cellular phones themselves has drastically reduced out-of-pocket to increase competition among manufactures and improved manufacturing technologies. The fact that cellular phones are hand-held devices makes communication convenient.One hindquarters communicate while pleasing in other activities manage walking, queuing at a bank or supermarket, and move in a bus, train, or car. This allows people to multitask which saves time (Pandey, 2012). cellular phones fuck off change magnitude the level of safety and the aroma of security in the society. This is because a cell phone is a mobile device that is carried by people all over they are. Therefore, the cell phone effects reclaimable in times of arrest brake. For instance, one may call for help in cases of motor accidents, sudden sickness, robbery, elevator failure, and other standardised events (Stewart, 2008).In fact, cell phones are coded at t he manufacturing factory, with emergency call numbers that one groundwork use, even if one does not bugger off calling units what is referred to as emergency supporter. These include 911, police line numbers, ambulance numbers, client care numbers for calling the cell phone service providers among others. There are also other service numbers that may be utilize on emergencies where the receiver of the call absorbs the calling charge also known as 0-800- service. The cellular phone, through GPS may be apply to pass through individuals and discipline the location of a cell phone carrier.For example, parents can keep track of their children through this service (Goggin 136). This is especially useful when dealing with teenage children who may sometimes involve themselves in deviant way if not well supervised by the parents. In addition, if one is lost, one can determine the location by using the GPS service in the cellular phone (Stewart, 2008). In fact, this service may also b e used to track vehicles in case of a car robbery. This works by engagement a vehicle with a SIM card, which the vehicle owner can communicate with to determine the vehicles location.The cellular phone acts as a transmitter, which makes this chassis of bring in possible (Unhelkar 36). This application has also gained prominence in the tracking of lost cellular phones even if they are switched off. The Samsung Corporation presently has phone tracking as a standard feature in its cellular phone models, which makes it possible for a person to track a lost or stolen phone. cadreular phones have greatly reduced in size since their inception. This has made them become known as mobile devices significance they can be easily be carried along, fitting in confined spaces like in the pocket of an individual.The miniaturization of this device has gained a lot from advancement in engineering. One of these gains is from the increase in throw that the device can be used. Cellular phones c an now be used over longer ranges than forwards (Baldwin, n. d. ). Secondly, the cellular phone incorporates two-fold devices, all compressed into a mobile device. Thirdly, with the use of accessories like hands free, the cellular phone may allow increased mobility of the user (Unhelkar 98). Fourthly, the present cellular phone has almost alike(p) capabilities as a laptop computer, exactly smaller.For instance, the Iphone by Apple Inc. is able to do anything, similar to a regular laptop (Goggin 77). However, the Iphone has the wages is being smaller thus enhancing mobility of the user. Cellular phones have gained tremendously from major technological advancements to the benefit of the society. Originally, cellular phones only provided voice call go. However, cellular phones now provide a varied bouquet of services, which include messaging, video calls and video conferencing, chatting, and sharing of photos (Stewart, 2008).Major innovations in cellular phones have seen them bec ome more that communication devises due to incorporation of other functionalities. Firstly, one of these functionalities includes calculators, alarms, and reminders, which assist in personal plaque (Easton 291). Secondly, the cellular phone has incorporated cheer applications, which include games, music, and video playing capabilities (Goggin 130). Thirdly, the cellular phone has also incorporated traditional mass communication devises like the television and radio (Hanson 73).Finally, the cellular phone now includes cameras, voice and video recorders and flashlights (Hanson 91). alone this make the cellular phone a compact tool with multiple functions for the convenience of the user. The cellular phones have contributed to enhancement of economic productivity in heterogeneous ways. Firstly, cell phones have removed the necessity of physical meetings by offer video conferencing services and other services where more than two people can speech to each other at the same time (Ba ldwin, n. d. ). Secondly, melodic line transactions can take get in faster and remotely.For instance, one can succumb for goods using mobile money transfers via cell phones without having to send the money physically (Easton 19). Thirdly, cellular phones now have some(prenominal) applications like calendars, reminders, voice recorders, alarms, and note keepers that help in the organization of the activities of an individual (Admin, 2010). Lastly, caperes can now advertise their products through the cellular phone. Such advertisements come in form of text messages and picture messages and may sometimes be accompanied with prize rewards (Easton 121).This phenomenon is proliferated by the low cost of using cellular phones as debate to the traditional advertisement that uses commercials and posters to get the circumspection of probable customers. All this applications have improved efficiency and convenience of doing disdain while keeping the cost low thus enhancing productivity . The cellular phone has immensely increased the access to internet and its related services. It is now possible to support an internet-enabled cellular phone at a low price depending of the connectivity technology used.There are several technologies in use for accessing internet via cellular phones and these include GPRS, EDGE, 2G, WAP, 3G, 3. 5G, UTMS, and HSPDA among others (Hanson 42). These technologies resist in speed, range, and volume transfer capabilities. gravel to internet opens up a mankind of other possibilities of applications of the cellular phone, which include modes of communication, commerce, knowledge acquisition, health and other complaisant issues. For instance, increased internet access increases the proliferation of online communities where individuals can discuss and share their interests through social media (Katz 78).Secondly, increased access to internet facilitates commerce. This includes online business transactions, marketing, and product improve ment through customer feedback among others (Hanson 59). Thirdly, it broadens and even transforms the ways of doing business by offering low cost alternatives suitable for small business startups, which may have a positive effect in the societys wellbeing (Unhelkar 41). Lastly, increased internet access facilitates globalization (Katz 33). This is due to the increased sharing of culture and broadening of economies without the border of geographical borders.It is evident that the cellular phone has had profound effect on the society, which is by and large positive. These include enhanced communication speeds and quality, increased feeling of security among individuals, increased mobility of the user and advancement in technology, which has brought umteen devices and functionalities into the cellular phone. In addition, the cellular phone has contributed immensely to increased productivity and increased internet access. From these aspects, the society has gained much from the cell p hone. Works Cited Admin. Cell auditory sensations and Their Positive Effects in the Society. Cell Phone Brands and News for Cell Phone Fans. N. P. , 30 Aug. 2010. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. They have compete an important and positive role when it comes to the unconscious process of different businesses. Baldwin, Anya. Positive Effects of prison cell Technology in the Workplace. Small Business. n. d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. Multiple Lines, More look Line of Communication, On-Call Availability, and Texting, is all available when using a cell phone. Easton, Jaclyn. Going radio set Transform Your Business with ready Technology. New York Harper Business, 2002. Print.In this journalist story, Jaclyn Easton talks about the advantages of wirelessly fortifying your mobile workforce of gipsy executive, sales personnel, also welkin service technicians as well as how wireless is dramatically redefining customer service, marketing advertising. Goggin, Gerard. Cell Phone Culture alert Technology in Everyday Life. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge, 2006. Print. Drawing on a range of national, regional, and international examples, this text explores the unfermented forms of consumption and use of communication and media technology that the phenomenon of mobiles represents.Hanson, Jarice. 24/7 How Cell Phones and the internet Change the Way We Live, Work, and Play. Westport, Conn Praeger, 2007. Print. The revolution in online services and mobile phone use changed our lives at the exercise of the 21st century. This book demonstrates that these technologies enable us to work and play 24/7 Katz, James. Magic in the publicize Mobile Communication and the Transformation of alterionate Life. New Brunswick, N. J Transaction Publishers, 2006. Print. In this volume, James E. Katz, a leading authority on social consequences of communication technology, nalyzes the way new mobile telecommunications affect daily life both in the United States and around the world. Murray, James. radiocommunication Nation The Frenzied Launch of the Cellular Revolution in America. Cambridge, MA Perseus Pub. , 2001. Print. Wireless Nation details how the genesis of the cell phone business. But this colorful, engaging account of cellulars strange business relationship is much more than a business narrative. Pandey, Kundan. Advantages of mobile phones. 3 December 2012. Web. 15 March 2013. It is hard to imagine a world without cell phones now. Stewart, Douglas. How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives. Articlesbase. com. 28 May 2008. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. Cell phones made multitasking a instigant new meaning. You can talk to family members that far away, if you are lost you have GPS or can call for help. many another(prenominal) more advantages come from cell phones. Cell phones are a great asset in aiding in our nonchalant lives. Unhelkar, Bhuvan. Handbook of Research in Mobile Business Technical, Methodological, and Social Perspectives. Hershey, PA education Science Referenc e, 2009. Print. This book collects the latest research advances in the rapidly evolving field of mobile businessCell PhoneTia Jeffries English 101 Mrs. Baker 17 March 2013 Positive Effects of Cellular Phones in Society The cellular phone is perhaps one of the greatest innovations known to man. The cellular phone coupled with technological advancements has influenced the lives of people from all lifestyles globally. However, the cellular phone has undergone massive evolution over time from the bulky hand-held telephone at its beginning to the hand-held mobile devices it is today. Through evolution the cellular phone has a positive effect on society. The cellular phone started essentially as a communication device.However, it has evolved into a personal organizer, a mobile office, an instrument of distribution of culture and knowledge among other utilities. The society has seemingly evolved alongside the cellular phone. Notable, is the effect the cellular phone has had on the manner t he society communicates, engages in business, entertains itself, and generates popular culture (Hanson 213). The present society is so reliable on the cellular phone that it cannot imagine a day without it. In essence, the cellular phone has helped todays society to be what it is by influencing literary every aspect of living in the twenty-first century.This includes being interconnected, more knowledgeable, innovative, and globalized. What follows are a few aspects of the society that have benefitted from the cellular phone. Communication is perhaps the single biggest gain for the society because of cellular phones. Although this was the original intention of the cellular phones during their inception, advancements in this area has seen increased benefits to the society (Murray 59). To begin with, people may easily keep in touch globally through voice services and short messaging services (sms) also known as texting (Baldwin, n. d. . In addition, advanced models of cellular phones allow sending of electronic mail and sharing of photos and videos (Pandey, 2012). Major advancements in the increase of frequencies of cellular communication and broadening of data transfer bandwidths allow exchange of large contents of information. One of such advancements that come with improved cellular phone models is video calls that allow regular phone voice calls to be accompanied by videos of the caller and the receiver (Katz 212). This gives a near realistic effect to communication that resembles face-to-face communication.Increased accessibility to mobile devises has also contributed greatly to the number of people able to communicate using cellular phones (Pandey, 2012). Cellular phones have also drastically reduced the cost of communication. This has been occasioned by the low cost of calling as compare to the previous models of using fixed line telephones, which cost more especially for long distance calls. In addition, the cost of the cellular phones themselves has dra stically reduced due to increased competition among manufactures and improved manufacturing technologies. The fact that cellular phones are hand-held devices makes communication convenient.One can communicate while engaging in other activities like walking, queuing at a bank or supermarket, and riding in a bus, train, or car. This allows people to multitask which saves time (Pandey, 2012). Cellular phones have increased the level of safety and the feeling of security in the society. This is because a cell phone is a mobile device that is carried by people everywhere they are. Therefore, the cell phone becomes useful in times of emergency. For instance, one may call for help in cases of motor accidents, sudden sickness, robbery, elevator failure, and other similar events (Stewart, 2008).In fact, cell phones are coded at the manufacturing factory, with emergency call numbers that one can use, even if one does not have calling units what is referred to as emergency service. These inclu de 911, police line numbers, ambulance numbers, customer care numbers for calling the cell phone service providers among others. There are also other service numbers that may be used on emergencies where the receiver of the call absorbs the calling charge also known as 0-800- service. The cellular phone, through GPS may be used to track individuals and determine the location of a cell phone carrier.For example, parents can keep track of their children through this service (Goggin 136). This is especially useful when dealing with teenage children who may sometimes involve themselves in deviant behavior if not well supervised by the parents. In addition, if one is lost, one can determine the location by using the GPS service in the cellular phone (Stewart, 2008). In fact, this service may also be used to track vehicles in case of a car robbery. This works by fitting a vehicle with a SIM card, which the vehicle owner can communicate with to determine the vehicles location.The cellular phone acts as a transmitter, which makes this kind of tracking possible (Unhelkar 36). This application has also gained prominence in the tracking of lost cellular phones even if they are switched off. The Samsung Corporation presently has phone tracking as a standard feature in its cellular phone models, which makes it possible for a person to track a lost or stolen phone. Cellular phones have greatly reduced in size since their inception. This has made them become known as mobile devices meaning they can be easily be carried along, fitting in confined spaces like in the pocket of an individual.The miniaturization of this device has gained much from advancement in technology. One of these gains is from the increase in range that the device can be used. Cellular phones can now be used over longer ranges than before (Baldwin, n. d. ). Secondly, the cellular phone incorporates multiple devices, all compressed into a mobile device. Thirdly, with the use of accessories like hands free, the cellular phone may allow increased mobility of the user (Unhelkar 98). Fourthly, the present cellular phone has almost similar capabilities as a laptop computer, only smaller.For instance, the Iphone by Apple Inc. is able to do anything, similar to a regular laptop (Goggin 77). However, the Iphone has the advantage is being smaller thus enhancing mobility of the user. Cellular phones have gained tremendously from major technological advancements to the benefit of the society. Originally, cellular phones only provided voice call services. However, cellular phones now provide a varied bouquet of services, which include messaging, video calls and video conferencing, chatting, and sharing of photos (Stewart, 2008).Major innovations in cellular phones have seen them become more that communication devises due to incorporation of other functionalities. Firstly, one of these functionalities includes calculators, alarms, and reminders, which assist in personal organization (Easton 291). Secondly, the cellular phone has incorporated entertainment applications, which include games, music, and video playing capabilities (Goggin 130). Thirdly, the cellular phone has also incorporated traditional mass communication devises like the television and radio (Hanson 73).Finally, the cellular phone now includes cameras, voice and video recorders and flashlights (Hanson 91). All this make the cellular phone a compact tool with multiple functions for the convenience of the user. The cellular phones have contributed to enhancement of economic productivity in various ways. Firstly, cell phones have removed the necessity of physical meetings by offering video conferencing services and other services where more than two people can speech to each other at the same time (Baldwin, n. d. ). Secondly, business transactions can take place faster and remotely.For instance, one can pay for goods using mobile money transfers via cell phones without having to send the money physically (Easton 19). Thirdly, cellular phones now have several applications like calendars, reminders, voice recorders, alarms, and note keepers that help in the organization of the activities of an individual (Admin, 2010). Lastly, businesses can now advertise their products through the cellular phone. Such advertisements come in form of text messages and picture messages and may sometimes be accompanied with prize rewards (Easton 121).This phenomenon is proliferated by the low cost of using cellular phones as opposed to the traditional advertisement that uses commercials and posters to get the attention of probable customers. All this applications have improved efficiency and convenience of doing business while keeping the cost low thus enhancing productivity. The cellular phone has immensely increased the access to internet and its related services. It is now possible to obtain an internet-enabled cellular phone at a low price depending of the connectivity technology used.There are several tech nologies in use for accessing internet via cellular phones and these include GPRS, EDGE, 2G, WAP, 3G, 3. 5G, UTMS, and HSPDA among others (Hanson 42). These technologies differ in speed, range, and volume transfer capabilities. Access to internet opens up a world of other possibilities of applications of the cellular phone, which include modes of communication, commerce, knowledge acquisition, health and other social issues. For instance, increased internet access increases the proliferation of online communities where individuals can discuss and share their interests through social media (Katz 78).Secondly, increased access to internet facilitates commerce. This includes online business transactions, marketing, and product improvement through customer feedback among others (Hanson 59). Thirdly, it broadens and even transforms the ways of doing business by offering low cost alternatives suitable for small business startups, which may have a positive effect in the societys wellbeing (Unhelkar 41). Lastly, increased internet access facilitates globalization (Katz 33). This is due to the increased sharing of culture and broadening of economies without the confines of geographical borders.It is evident that the cellular phone has had profound effect on the society, which is largely positive. These include enhanced communication speeds and quality, increased feeling of security among individuals, increased mobility of the user and advancement in technology, which has brought many devices and functionalities into the cellular phone. In addition, the cellular phone has contributed immensely to increased productivity and increased internet access. From these aspects, the society has gained much from the cell phone. Works Cited Admin. Cell Phones and Their Positive Effects in the Society. Cell Phone Brands and News for Cell Phone Fans. N. P. , 30 Aug. 2010. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. They have played an important and positive role when it comes to the operation of different bu sinesses. Baldwin, Anya. Positive Effects of Cellphone Technology in the Workplace. Small Business. n. d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. Multiple Lines, More Direct Line of Communication, On-Call Availability, and Texting, is all available when using a cell phone. Easton, Jaclyn. Going Wireless Transform Your Business with Mobile Technology. New York Harper Business, 2002. Print.In this journalist story, Jaclyn Easton talks about the advantages of wirelessly fortifying your mobile workforce of itinerant executive, sales personnel, also field service technicians as well as how wireless is dramatically redefining customer service, marketing advertising. Goggin, Gerard. Cell Phone Culture Mobile Technology in Everyday Life. London Routledge, 2006. Print. Drawing on a range of national, regional, and international examples, this text explores the new forms of consumption and use of communication and media technology that the phenomenon of mobiles represents.Hanson, Jarice. 24/7 How Cell Phones and the Internet Change the Way We Live, Work, and Play. Westport, Conn Praeger, 2007. Print. The revolution in online services and mobile phone use changed our lives at the turn of the 21st century. This book demonstrates that these technologies enable us to work and play 24/7 Katz, James. Magic in the Air Mobile Communication and the Transformation of Social Life. New Brunswick, N. J Transaction Publishers, 2006. Print. In this volume, James E. Katz, a leading authority on social consequences of communication technology, nalyzes the way new mobile telecommunications affect daily life both in the United States and around the world. Murray, James. Wireless Nation The Frenzied Launch of the Cellular Revolution in America. Cambridge, MA Perseus Pub. , 2001. Print. Wireless Nation details how the genesis of the cell phone business. But this colorful, engaging account of cellulars strange history is much more than a business narrative. Pandey, Kundan. Advantages of mobile phones. 3 Decembe r 2012. Web. 15 March 2013. It is hard to imagine a world without cell phones now. Stewart, Douglas. How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives. Articlesbase. com. 28 May 2008. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. Cell phones made multitasking a brand new meaning. You can talk to family members that far away, if you are lost you have GPS or can call for help. Many more advantages come from cell phones. Cell phones are a great asset in aiding in our everyday lives. Unhelkar, Bhuvan. Handbook of Research in Mobile Business Technical, Methodological, and Social Perspectives. Hershey, PA Information Science Reference, 2009. Print. This book collects the latest research advances in the rapidly evolving field of mobile businessCell PhoneTia Jeffries English 101 Mrs. Baker 17 March 2013 Positive Effects of Cellular Phones in Society The cellular phone is perhaps one of the greatest innovations known to man. The cellular phone coupled with technological advancements has influenced the lives of people from all l ifestyles globally. However, the cellular phone has undergone massive evolution over time from the bulky hand-held telephone at its beginning to the hand-held mobile devices it is today. Through evolution the cellular phone has a positive effect on society. The cellular phone started essentially as a communication device.However, it has evolved into a personal organizer, a mobile office, an instrument of distribution of culture and knowledge among other utilities. The society has seemingly evolved alongside the cellular phone. Notable, is the effect the cellular phone has had on the manner the society communicates, engages in business, entertains itself, and generates popular culture (Hanson 213). The present society is so reliable on the cellular phone that it cannot imagine a day without it. In essence, the cellular phone has helped todays society to be what it is by influencing literary every aspect of living in the twenty-first century.This includes being interconnected, more kn owledgeable, innovative, and globalized. What follows are a few aspects of the society that have benefitted from the cellular phone. Communication is perhaps the single biggest gain for the society because of cellular phones. Although this was the original intention of the cellular phones during their inception, advancements in this area has seen increased benefits to the society (Murray 59). To begin with, people may easily keep in touch globally through voice services and short messaging services (sms) also known as texting (Baldwin, n. d. . In addition, advanced models of cellular phones allow sending of electronic mail and sharing of photos and videos (Pandey, 2012). Major advancements in the increase of frequencies of cellular communication and broadening of data transfer bandwidths allow exchange of large contents of information. One of such advancements that come with improved cellular phone models is video calls that allow regular phone voice calls to be accompanied by video s of the caller and the receiver (Katz 212). This gives a near realistic effect to communication that resembles face-to-face communication.Increased accessibility to mobile devises has also contributed greatly to the number of people able to communicate using cellular phones (Pandey, 2012). Cellular phones have also drastically reduced the cost of communication. This has been occasioned by the low costs of calling as compare to the previous models of using fixed line telephones, which cost more especially for long distance calls. In addition, the cost of the cellular phones themselves has drastically reduced due to increased competition among manufactures and improved manufacturing technologies. The fact that cellular phones are hand-held devices makes communication convenient.One can communicate while engaging in other activities like walking, queuing at a bank or supermarket, and riding in a bus, train, or car. This allows people to multitask which saves time (Pandey, 2012). Cellu lar phones have increased the level of safety and the feeling of security in the society. This is because a cell phone is a mobile device that is carried by people everywhere they are. Therefore, the cell phone becomes useful in times of emergency. For instance, one may call for help in cases of motor accidents, sudden sickness, robbery, elevator failure, and other similar events (Stewart, 2008).In fact, cell phones are coded at the manufacturing factory, with emergency call numbers that one can use, even if one does not have calling units what is referred to as emergency service. These include 911, police line numbers, ambulance numbers, customer care numbers for calling the cell phone service providers among others. There are also other service numbers that may be used on emergencies where the receiver of the call absorbs the calling charge also known as 0-800- service. The cellular phone, through GPS may be used to track individuals and determine the location of a cell phone carr ier.For example, parents can keep track of their children through this service (Goggin 136). This is especially useful when dealing with teenage children who may sometimes involve themselves in deviant behavior if not well supervised by the parents. In addition, if one is lost, one can determine the location by using the GPS service in the cellular phone (Stewart, 2008). In fact, this service may also be used to track vehicles in case of a car robbery. This works by fitting a vehicle with a SIM card, which the vehicle owner can communicate with to determine the vehicles location.The cellular phone acts as a transmitter, which makes this kind of tracking possible (Unhelkar 36). This application has also gained prominence in the tracking of lost cellular phones even if they are switched off. The Samsung Corporation presently has phone tracking as a standard feature in its cellular phone models, which makes it possible for a person to track a lost or stolen phone. Cellular phones have greatly reduced in size since their inception. This has made them become known as mobile devices meaning they can be easily be carried along, fitting in confined spaces like in the pocket of an individual.The miniaturization of this device has gained much from advancement in technology. One of these gains is from the increase in range that the device can be used. Cellular phones can now be used over longer ranges than before (Baldwin, n. d. ). Secondly, the cellular phone incorporates multiple devices, all compressed into a mobile device. Thirdly, with the use of accessories like hands free, the cellular phone may allow increased mobility of the user (Unhelkar 98). Fourthly, the present cellular phone has almost similar capabilities as a laptop computer, only smaller.For instance, the Iphone by Apple Inc. is able to do anything, similar to a regular laptop (Goggin 77). However, the Iphone has the advantage is being smaller thus enhancing mobility of the user. Cellular phones have ga ined tremendously from major technological advancements to the benefit of the society. Originally, cellular phones only provided voice call services. However, cellular phones now provide a varied bouquet of services, which include messaging, video calls and video conferencing, chatting, and sharing of photos (Stewart, 2008).Major innovations in cellular phones have seen them become more that communication devises due to incorporation of other functionalities. Firstly, one of these functionalities includes calculators, alarms, and reminders, which assist in personal organization (Easton 291). Secondly, the cellular phone has incorporated entertainment applications, which include games, music, and video playing capabilities (Goggin 130). Thirdly, the cellular phone has also incorporated traditional mass communication devises like the television and radio (Hanson 73).Finally, the cellular phone now includes cameras, voice and video recorders and flashlights (Hanson 91). All this make t he cellular phone a compact tool with multiple functions for the convenience of the user. The cellular phones have contributed to enhancement of economic productivity in various ways. Firstly, cell phones have removed the necessity of physical meetings by offering video conferencing services and other services where more than two people can speech to each other at the same time (Baldwin, n. d. ). Secondly, business transactions can take place faster and remotely.For instance, one can pay for goods using mobile money transfers via cell phones without having to send the money physically (Easton 19). Thirdly, cellular phones now have several applications like calendars, reminders, voice recorders, alarms, and note keepers that help in the organization of the activities of an individual (Admin, 2010). Lastly, businesses can now advertise their products through the cellular phone. Such advertisements come in form of text messages and picture messages and may sometimes be accompanied with prize rewards (Easton 121).This phenomenon is proliferated by the low cost of using cellular phones as opposed to the traditional advertisement that uses commercials and posters to get the attention of probable customers. All this applications have improved efficiency and convenience of doing business while keeping the cost low thus enhancing productivity. The cellular phone has immensely increased the access to internet and its related services. It is now possible to obtain an internet-enabled cellular phone at a low price depending of the connectivity technology used.There are several technologies in use for accessing internet via cellular phones and these include GPRS, EDGE, 2G, WAP, 3G, 3. 5G, UTMS, and HSPDA among others (Hanson 42). These technologies differ in speed, range, and volume transfer capabilities. Access to internet opens up a world of other possibilities of applications of the cellular phone, which include modes of communication, commerce, knowledge acquisition, h ealth and other social issues. For instance, increased internet access increases the proliferation of online communities where individuals can discuss and share their interests through social media (Katz 78).Secondly, increased access to internet facilitates commerce. This includes online business transactions, marketing, and product improvement through customer feedback among others (Hanson 59). Thirdly, it broadens and even transforms the ways of doing business by offering low cost alternatives suitable for small business startups, which may have a positive effect in the societys wellbeing (Unhelkar 41). Lastly, increased internet access facilitates globalization (Katz 33). This is due to the increased sharing of culture and broadening of economies without the confines of geographical borders.It is evident that the cellular phone has had profound effect on the society, which is largely positive. These include enhanced communication speeds and quality, increased feeling of security among individuals, increased mobility of the user and advancement in technology, which has brought many devices and functionalities into the cellular phone. In addition, the cellular phone has contributed immensely to increased productivity and increased internet access. From these aspects, the society has gained much from the cell phone. Works Cited Admin. Cell Phones and Their Positive Effects in the Society. Cell Phone Brands and News for Cell Phone Fans. N. P. , 30 Aug. 2010. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. They have played an important and positive role when it comes to the operation of different businesses. Baldwin, Anya. Positive Effects of Cellphone Technology in the Workplace. Small Business. n. d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. Multiple Lines, More Direct Line of Communication, On-Call Availability, and Texting, is all available when using a cell phone. Easton, Jaclyn. Going Wireless Transform Your Business with Mobile Technology. New York Harper Business, 2002. Print.In this journalist story, J aclyn Easton talks about the advantages of wirelessly fortifying your mobile workforce of itinerant executive, sales personnel, also field service technicians as well as how wireless is dramatically redefining customer service, marketing advertising. Goggin, Gerard. Cell Phone Culture Mobile Technology in Everyday Life. London Routledge, 2006. Print. Drawing on a range of national, regional, and international examples, this text explores the new forms of consumption and use of communication and media technology that the phenomenon of mobiles represents.Hanson, Jarice. 24/7 How Cell Phones and the Internet Change the Way We Live, Work, and Play. Westport, Conn Praeger, 2007. Print. The revolution in online services and mobile phone use changed our lives at the turn of the 21st century. This book demonstrates that these technologies enable us to work and play 24/7 Katz, James. Magic in the Air Mobile Communication and the Transformation of Social Life. New Brunswick, N. J Transaction Publishers, 2006. Print. In this volume, James E. Katz, a leading authority on social consequences of communication technology, nalyzes the way new mobile telecommunications affect daily life both in the United States and around the world. Murray, James. Wireless Nation The Frenzied Launch of the Cellular Revolution in America. Cambridge, MA Perseus Pub. , 2001. Print. Wireless Nation details how the genesis of the cell phone business. But this colorful, engaging account of cellulars strange history is much more than a business narrative. Pandey, Kundan. Advantages of mobile phones. 3 December 2012. Web. 15 March 2013. It is hard to imagine a world without cell phones now. Stewart, Douglas. How Cell Phones Have Changed Our Lives. Articlesbase. com. 28 May 2008. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. Cell phones made multitasking a brand new meaning. You can talk to family members that far away, if you are lost you have GPS or can call for help. Many more advantages come from cell phones. Cell phones a re a great asset in aiding in our everyday lives. Unhelkar, Bhuvan. Handbook of Research in Mobile Business Technical, Methodological, and Social Perspectives. Hershey, PA Information Science Reference, 2009. Print. This book collects the latest research advances in the rapidly evolving field of mobile business

Economics and Ethics

The atomic number 18a of ethical motive in economics is a factious one, over which there has been considerable argument. Ethics has numerous interpretations in the history of philosophy as well as in economic history. Very simply, ethics refers to an redeing of certain forms of behavior as either right or wrong. The field of ethics, also called moral philosophy, involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. (Ethics) However, there atomic number 18 legion(predicate) complex aspects to the understanding of ethics. An early idea of ethics was put forward by the philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill in the 19th Century. They suggested that ethical action was concerned with providing the greatest balance of good over evil. (Ethics)On the one hand, economics is fundamentally driven in a systems and practical sense by the learn to acquire usefulness and accumulate wealth. On the other hand there is a growing tilt almost et hical responsibility and integrity in the craft and economic world, with respect to aspects and issues that strictly fall outsider the ambit of the pure science of economics per se. Recent controversies, such(prenominal) as the Enron scandal consider also highlighted the issue of ethics in economics and business. This leads to a vast array of issues and questions such as the protection of future resources and the growing debate about the reality of environmental ethics as it relates to purely economic concerns. Questions are asked such as can there ethically be a issue for unconstrained economic adventurism and profiteering without paying(a) attention to the moral and ethical dimensions of these actions?The debate and the dilemma that business faces in terms of ethical practices and views are concisely explicit in the following quotation. While Businesses, in some(prenominal) parts of the world, confuse become integral participants in such causes as protecting the environment and alleviating scantiness from economically depressed localities, this concern with ethics is confronted with the problem that economists have no other way to approach reality without concentrating on questions of utility. ( Zaratiegui J. 1999) It is this focus on utilitarianism and the profit margin central to the capitalistic mode of economic production, which brings it into conflict with other issues and views and often results in a negative ethical assessment of business and economics. wherefore many critics are of the eyeshot that in an ethical sense the utilitarian focus of upstart capitalism should be criticized. More importantly, theorists note that, The nature of modern economics has been substantially impoverished by the distance that has grown between economics and ethics economics can be more productive by paying greater and more explicit attention to the ethical considerations that shape human behaviour and judgement. (Sen, A. 1987, p 7.)It should also be noted t hat this debate and the alleged disassociation between economic thought and pattern and various ethical and critical stances, is a fairly recent phenomenon. In its origins modern economics was intimately attached to ethics and ethical motivations.Sen reminds us of the contrast between the non-ethical feature of modern economics and its genesis as an offshoot of ethics. At the time of its inception, then, the language of economics was comprised of normative elements. Nevertheless, over time, economics came to be considered an autonomous science, and its language and value judgments become increasingly more positive.It is this change in economic thought and praxis and the move towards a neutral or value free attitude towards ethical issues, with science as the motivating example, that has essentially created the present debate.However the debate about ethical involvement and responsibilities in economics continues to vacillate from one point of view to the other. On the one hand, e conomists argue that economic praxis and associated analytical techniques are ethically positive in that they help to predict human social and economic growth and development in a consistent way. Economists are also quick to argue and provide examples of the way that economic strategies uplift, develop and form a common basis for world interaction and harmony. .. it is regarded by some as beneficial, enabling economists to develop analytic techniques and make rational predictions of future human behavior. (Zaratiegui J. 1999)On the other side of the argument there are many who interpret the alleged benefits of economics rather as the promotion of profit over ethical norms and principles. However in recent years there has at least ostensibly a reassessment of the ethical parameters of economics from within the economic community.As recently as a decade ago, many companies viewed business ethics only in terms of administrative compliance with legal standards and adherence to sexual r ules and regulations. Today the situation is different. Attention to business ethics is on the rise across the world and many companies realize that in order to succeed, they must earn the respect and confidence of their nodes.This change is static based in the praxis of customer behavior and reaction but nevertheless it does show a change towards a greater awareness of ethical responsibly ion the world. many a(prenominal) of the ethical debates surrounding economics revolve around the complex issue of the interactions of business and commercial concerns and bio-ethics. Bio-ethics refers to the ethical demands and requisites in the interaction between the human and the non-human environment. As such, bio-ethics is difficult to relate to or argue in purely subjective or human terms which make it all the more difficult to understand and react to from an economic perspective.A caseful in point which is still under discussion is the intended use of the oil reserves in the polar Wild life Refuge. At present the debate about the exploitation of the Arctic National or ANWR has been in process for 20 years. (Endless debate drains political energy) The debate has tended to displace mainly on the exploitation of a sensitive ecological area as opposed to the economic and political value for the country from a potentially rich oil supply. The divergent viewpoints are expressed in the following assessment of the situation.To generalize, people who care most about the wildlife and wilderness dont give a hoot about the oil folks fixated on the oil think its value outweighs the wildlife and wildland concerns. The two sides are every bit as polarized and only a little less passionate than those battling over abortion rightsThe National Petroleum Reserve of Alaska (NPR-A), is situated between the foothills of the Brooks Range and the Arctic coastline, and is about cxx miles from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). (Rosen, Y. 2003. ) The Bureau of Land Management ( BLM) estimates the area pull up stakes supplement production from the Alpine fields, which hold 429 million barrels and have a daily oil output of about 100,000 barrels. (US OKs Commercial Drilling in Alaska Oil Reserve)From an economic point of view, the use of this oil reserve will have many positive aspects. Besides the money that would be brought into the economy instead of flowing out in oil purchases, it would have positive internal and political implication as it would obviously mean less reliance on outside oil sources.The muscle Information Agency of the Department of Energy estimates that Alaska oil production averaged 902,000 barrels of oil per day from January through August 2004, about 16 percent of total U.S. oil production during that period, most of which comes from Prudhoe Bay. opening night up even a limited area of ANWR for drilling would offer the prospect of producing from Alaska possibly 40 percent or more of the oil consumed in America.This view can be seen as supporting the idea of an ethical position in the economic exploitation of the region in that it will be for the greater good of the international community to reduce Americas oil dependencies. The other side of the argument is that the exploitation of this region for profit will upset the diffused ecological balance and will further have a larger ecological impact. From this point of view the proposed economic actions are unethical. In essence the debate is centered on two very different world views which need an understanding of their underlying biases to be fully comprehended.Many similar points of dissention and lines of argument are formed in the ethical debate that has raged for years about animal experimentation for research. One has the argument for experimentation on the basis of ensuring human prophylactic while those opposed point out that this view still contravenes basic bio-ethics and the respect for life on this planet. On the one hand business and trade stress the need to test products before familiar consumption and on the other hand activists state that many of these tests are simply attempts to placate the public and have no intrinsic scientific worth.Animal rights groups point out that animal experimentation is an extremely cruel endeavor. Among the many different types of animal elimination are the the toxicity and irritation testing of various consumer products, such as foodstuffs and cosmeticsextraction of products, and the development of drugs. (Rollin, 1992, p. 136) One of the most criticized tests in this regard is the Draize eye irritant test. This test involves placing a substance in the eyes of four to six rabbits and evaluating the effect. (Thompson 1988, p15.) The results for these extremely cruel experiments are used for cautionary labels on various products such as soaps and cosmetics.One of the main arguments against commercial vivisection is that many scientists claim that there is no real scientific purpose to anim al experimentation. This is a particularly the case with regard to animals which are used by pharmaceutical and chemical companies to test the toxicity of drugs and other substances, including cosmetics and household cleaners. This practice has been regularly criticized by doctors and scientists who are of the opinion that these experiments are not only unscientific but also flawed in many respects and even dangerous to human health. Countering these assertions the economists point to the many successful trials that have resulted in positive results and benefits for human beings and human health.The economic world is, as has been stated, becoming more aware of its ethical responsibilities. Some critics still see this new found ethical responsiveness in the scientific and economic communities as a reaction only to pubic opinion and customer perception. However there are also those who are more positive and who think that the economic community is becoming more aware and reacting more positively to the important ethical dimensions of their activities.

Marketing Management Essay

1. What do we really know about this situation? We know that along with PV Technologies, two other companies general anatomy Energy and BJ Solar be in the suppliers shortlist that Solenergy has to provide a large quantity of utility scale central inverters for a PV solar energy power plant. Each of these companies sent their proposals, and a final decision is being reached by Solenergy. If the two competitor rely aroundly on lower prices of their convergence, PV technologies rely on their superior efficiency and a warranty of 10 years, the double that each of the direct competitors offer.In cost of market, we know likewise that many governments stupefy long-term objectives that pass on probably keep alive public and private investments in re bran-new-madeable energy power sources, where photovoltaic segments have a solid ground. 2. Is this just a brush fire or an important problem? Its an important problem, because if the rumors are to be believed, PV Technologies are in v erge of losing the contract, and this deal is strategic not scarcely because of the large profits that it stool generate, but mainly for the visibility impact that itll have in the marketplace, possibly a dramatic one if the contract is lost.That would have a negative impact not scarcely in the solar plant segment, but in consumer segments too. 3. How profitable is each of the four alternatives suggested? The rationale behind on first alternative is the offering of an extended 10 years warranty with special conditions. The customer pays 18% of the purchase price of the inverters at the beginning of each year included in the extended warranty period. This sum, however, cannot be considered profit, because eventual money not spent on maintenance is returned to the costumer at the end of the year.The total profit in this scenario is $7. 128. 000, for a period of 20 years. The profits in the quaternate alternative are not known, for they depend on further negotiations with Morgan. In this alternative, PVT will try to figure out if the evaluation method used by Solenergy had flaws, and show the data that they collected from their our analysis, which may have been collected with a more rigorous and thorough methods, indicated that their inverted were superior by a gross profit great enough to justify the price differences between their proposal and those of the competitors. 4.What other product management considerations should be addressed when planning a new product or service induction or managing an existing product or service in this market place? The considerations that have to be taken into card when introducing new go or products and maintaining current ones in these market are slightly different. The portal of a new product or service makes only sense if it fits well in the companys portfolio. It should complement the existing offer, so that the customers can perceive clearly the different benefits of each distinct offer. For example, the introduc tion of the new 1.25MW inverter only makes sense if its price is significantly higher than the 1. 00MW counterpart, or in alternative, the cost of the weaker version should be lowered. Such a decision can be taken accordingly to the threat level that other competitors are posing. Lowering prices is a more aggressive strategy, however is should be applied only when necessary, so that the profit margins are kept as high as possible all the times. There are other considerations that apply both to new and existing products and services. There always has to be the perspective that the offers new or old satisfy an actual necessity of the market.This can be asserted by market analysis, statistical processing, questionnaires or other forms of marketing research. In the specific renewal solar power market, we know that many governments around the world are sponsoring and giving incentives to short, mid and long-term investments in this market. This information is extremely relevant to form ulate a strategy, Moreover, the major players in the same segments as the products or services must be also analyzed, so that the changes of success are high enough to risk open uping or maintaining those product and services in the market.What will PVTs product team want to say about the new products, particularly the accelerated introduction of the new central inverter and the marketing initiative? R&D? The finance plurality? The engineers? The public relations people? sales? Customer service? R&D people have reservations regarding a premature introduction of the new product in the market. They recognize that it may be an attractive offer to Morgan and Solenergy, but are concerned that by collapsing the test phase for the launch to be on time, the risks of potential operating malfunction are greater.The finance people share this concern, but dont think that it will be active Solenergy because some opinions within the industry favor the coupling of smaller PV inverters rather than building larger ones, supposedly reducing the costs in this way. Basically, they are against this option. conflicting to the finance people, engineers are confident that this alternative could work, for the technical advantages that it offers would enable PVT to beat the competition with ease, without compromising their profits in this project.Public relations and marketing people also favor this alternative. They think that the new powerful inverter will address the market needs. Being the first company to introduce an inverter with 1. 25MW, PVT would reinforce their leadership status. Sales force are confident that the new inverter could be successfully sold by utility users and the price was attractive. 6. How should PVT promote itself in the first quarter 2012 and daub the launch of the new 1. 25 MW central inverter thats been re-schedule for introduction in January?PVT will have a great opportunity to differentiate from its competitor with the new 1. 25MW central invert er. Ill be the first company to introduce this product to the market and the advantages comparing to the 1. 00MW version are obvious. Theres a most appreciated increase in the energy output, and thus this should be the best way for PVT to make the consumers perceive the new product the most powerful (or prolific) inverter in the market. To avoid cannibalization, the chosen price should be higher than the current 1. 00MW inverter. 7.What conclusions can be drawn about the evolution and impending changes in technology, pricing, and buying criteria in this business? As the technology becomes more and more accessible and cheap, new low-cost companies are threatening the whole equilibrium that exists on the inverter business. Chinese companies, for example, are already offering products that, although inferior in character and reliability, have a much inferior target price. It is reasonable to think that with time, the gap in the quality level with reduce, and as it happens the price w ith pose a bigger and bigger problem to the other players.However, if a differentiation strategy is applied by the companies with split technology and capable R&D department, the gap in technology and directly related benefits will enable those companies to survive and maintain a lusty portion of the market share 8. What short and long term policies and processes should PVT develop and implement to effectively improve its marketing programs? In order to enable a continuous and more effective differentiation they have to Continuously evaluate competitors products Help states and consumers to reach the long-term government objectives in terms of percentage of energy generated by inverters.

Polygraph Research Essay

I began my research thinking I wanted to find reveal where we were today in our advancement of the lie detector machine and its accuracy. There was a time it was heard of often and considered quite controversial in its legitimacy. My research took me on a different journey then I had expected. A journey discovering that the Polygraph Machine is not solo just as controversial today as ever, plainly also that there appears to be behind the controversy then simply its technology. The Polygraph Machine was traditionally known for its use in lie detection indoors law enforcement.So I began my search in the Criminal Justice data base of our school library. I came across an interesting article, The loyalty contact Lie Detection Technology, written by Rebecca Kanable, a freelance writer specializing in law enforcement topics for the periodical Law Enforcement Technology. Her article, although enlightening of the details in how the polygraph machine works, what it detects physiological ly, and why it might be considered inaccurate, revealed to me there may be more behind the controversial system then simply its technology.She would reference an serious sounding entity called the APA (American Polygraph Association), explaining the APA founding, their development, and purpose. After discussing the APA and its extensive research and technology, another authorised sounding entity was introduced, the NAS (National Academy of Sciences). The NAS reported that contrary to the APAs pride in their more than 80% accuracy in detecting deception, a majority of the research was unreliable, unscientific, and biased.The APA responded that the NAS findings were confined to a review of the research on polygraph examening in particular, and how it relates to personnel screening. The APA express the NAS relied on 57 of more than 1000 research studies available. The NAS in turn responded that a century of research in psychology and physiology provided little basis for expecting the polygraph test could have extremely high accuracy because the physiological responses are not uniquely related to deception totally. At this oint a third entity was introduced, the NACVSA (National Association of estimator Voice Stress Analysis), who also bashed the APA as a flawed method and flawed technology. They would tout how they were supported in agreement by the NITV (National Institute for Truth Verification), yet another official sounding entity. This back and forth seemed a bit odd, as though one or the other had an agenda. That is what re say my research into whom these entities were, and who was considered more reliable for the truth rough lie detection. First stop was the APA web site (APA. org).I discovered it was a profit driven business change technology, instruments, research, and advanced training and education programs, as well as advertising their APA magazine. Their primary customers were law enforcement, the legal community, and private sector security screening. It certainly was official, yet only in the business sense. Ironically, in my search for the APA web site, it was paired with Antipolygraph. org web site. A location for message board discussions against the polygraph, most of which was specialally directed at the APA. I then moved on to the first entity contradicting the APA in Kanables article, the NAS.NASonline. org had nothing to sell, but rather a non profit society formal by an act of congress signed by Abraham Lincoln in 1863 and extended by President Woodrow Wilson charged with the mission of providing independent objective advice to the country on matters related to light and technology. It definitely carried some weight in legitimacy, but to be sure it was not a bias source about this topic, I search its site database for this particular topic, and although it spoke about the technology of the polygraph, it made no specific call of the APA itself.I was unable to do the said(prenominal) of the APA site as you had to be a paying member to access their database. I felt the NAS response to the APA research was legitimate coinciding with their purpose. What about the NACVSA? It turns out they are a direct competitor of the APA. Upon arriving at the CVSA1. com web site, it was immediately obvious in their solicitation of CVSA software and training. Also solicited were funding assistance with grants from both Walmart and Target to purchase the technology. They tried to hide behind government looking signs and symbols to appear more official.They covered the bases offering insight of cases work out by their technology, who was using their technology, and the history of their technology. They would repeatedly indicate their direct support from the National Institute for Truth Verification. Of course this institute must be official and have a web site. A Google turned up nothing for the NITV, and any mention of them would link you to the CVSA1. com web site. An attempt at Wikipedia also onl y had them listed as a vendor and tied to the NACVSA.Returning to the CVSA1 website for further investigation, I noticed in small print in the corner the following, the NITV is the manufacturer and fix source for the Computer Voice Stress Analyzer. That certainly did explain their avid support of the CVSA technology. One last scroll through all the sites having mention of the NITV, I noticed a Government site with their mention. Eforia. bis. doc. gov. was a public posting of government documents from the department of commerce. It displayed 11 charges against the NITV of illegal exportation as a private business. So much for that.Realizing I only had information from either the biased private businesses of technology, or the seemingly unbiased sources of government documents and a science society founded by congress, I now wanted to find others with something to say about the polygraph. I went back to the school library database with a refinement for only magazines and newspapers. First was a eye catching title of an article in the Atlantic Monthly by Alan Berlow called The Wrong Man. I gave accounts of cases leading to the assurance and eventual carrying out of death sentences of what would turn out to be discovered as wrongful conviction down the road.The tie with the polygraph came in that the results of the polygraphs, although not admittible in court, did find in agreement with what resulted in their convictions, even in contradiction of there being no physical evidence. This article revealed why the DA in one of those cases was so adamant in ignoring the lack of evidence for guilt and continuing till a conviction. He had knowledge of, and was influenced by, the non admissible results of the polygraph. The border Street Journal offered opposite perspectives on the polygraph. In 2003, an Article by Sharon Begley called Inertia, Hope, Morality, score TKOs in Bouts with Solid Science.The dispute with the polygraph was no different then others but with he r particular method and terminology of expression. The second Wall Street Journal article, For The Polygraph Paradox Lie Detectors Arent Perfect still convicted Sex Offenders Concede, They May Be Good Enough, by Laurie P. Cohen. Although alluding to a positive use for the polygraph in spite of its controversy, I doubted the weight of this perspective as the only source of data was that of those who were convicted. It has no opposite data of those who were not convicted.I didnt take either article as being to faraway out of bounds as the Wall Street Journal is widely known as quite reputable, whether you agree with a particular article or not. So I then narrowed my search to the immediate locality, and took an article from the Telegram & Gazette. It was a General interest periodical in 1989 with no specific author. It was merely stating a factual outcome of the Massachusetts Supreme Court having ruled the polygraph test as inadmissible in this state. My research into the polygraph, although somewhat informative about its accuracy, was far more revealing about the source of opinions about the polygraph.